1918.1 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 509 



METEOROLOGY. 



Some temperature correlations in the United States, T. A. Klaik (^7. ,S'. 

 Mu. Weather Rev., 45 (1917), No. 9, pp. U4-450, figs. 8).— Applying the methods 

 of Craig ' in a study of temperatures in the United States, the following relation- 

 ships are developed in this paper : 



"There is a well-marked seesaw relation between the temperatures of south- 

 ern California and of the southeastern United States for certain months of the 

 year ; for other months the temperatures vary independently ; the.se changes in 

 relationship are not wholly seasonal but appear to have a wave-like oscillation 

 in value ; in consequence, the coefficients expressing the annual temperature cor- 

 relations have intermediate values ; there is a definite daily correlation during 

 the time of greatest monthly correlation." 



Weather and the yield of winter wheat (U. S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Weather ana 

 Crop Bui. 32 (1917), p. 3, figs. 2).— A study of data for rainfall and crop yields 

 in Kansas (24 years), Missouri, and Ohio (54 years) indicated that the yield of 

 winter wheat in those States is not controlled by variations in the rainfall for 

 any month or combination of months of the preceding year. The mean tempera- 

 ture for March, however, " apparently influences the yield of wheat iu Ohio to a 

 marked extent," that is, a warm March is generally followed by a good wheat 

 yield. " In a study of the relation of the temperature to the yield of winter 

 wheat in Illinois, however, covering a period of 36 years, the marked relation 

 that was found in Ohio was not evident." 



Influence of weather conditions on the amounts of nitrogen acids in the 

 rainfall and atmosphere in Australia, O. Masson (Rpt. Brit. Assoc. Adv. 

 Sci., 86 {1916), pp. 128, 129; ahs. in U. S. Mo. Weather Rev., 45 {1917), No. 10, 

 p. 501). — The results of examinations of about 1,000 daily samples of I'ain col- 

 lected at about 16 stations suitably distributed over the continent of Australia, 

 as compared with the daily weather records and isobaric charts, confirm the 

 conclusions of Anderson already noted from another source (E. S. R., 33, p. 

 617), to the effect that "for a given type of weather the concentration of 

 oxidized nitrogen in the rainfall varies inversely as the amount of rainfall. 

 The total amount of oxidized nitrogen per unit area found in the rainfall 

 accompanying a storm, depends on the type of weather (Antarctic control, 

 tropical control, divided control), and is practically independent of the amount 

 of rainfall." 



The results led to the further conclusions that "Antarctic storms at different 

 stations carry down amounts of oxidized nitrogen which do not differ greatly 

 from the amounts previously found at Canterbiiry [by Anderson]. Rain falling 

 at northern stations (equatorial stations) during the prevalence of trade winds 

 contains amounts of oxidized nitrogen which are almost equal to the amounts 

 found in the rain accompanying Antarctic depressions (rear isobars) at 

 southern stations. This is shown to be probably due to the anticyclonic origin 

 of winds accompanying both types of rain. Passage over land modifies anti- 

 cyclonic air only to a slight extent ; but if, during the passage, it is subjected 

 to the influences accompanying monsoonal disturbances, comparatively large 

 amounts of oxidized nitrogen are found in the subsequent rainfall. The 

 highest total amounts of oxidized nitrogen are found at southern and inland 

 stations in rain water resulting from monsoonal storms following a ' heat 

 wave.' Rains occurring during ' divided-control ' weather contain less oxidized 

 nitrogen than tropical rains, but more than Antarctic rains. The nitrogen- 

 fixing powers of inland monsoonal depressions tend toward the gradual enrich- 

 ment, in respect of oxidized nitrogen, of the soil in southeastern Australia. 



» Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc. [London], 41 (1915), pp. 89-98. 



