540 EXPEKIMENT STATION EECORD. [Vol. 38 



References to tlio literature of cited investigations are included. 



The question of " bulk " pruning, V. R. Gakdner {Fruit World Austral., 19 

 {1918), No. 1, pp. 2-4, 6, 7). —In this paper, which was read before the American 

 Poniological Society, the author analyzes the types of pruning generally em- 

 ployed, and presents evidence to show that the radius of influence within the 

 tree of any pruning (i. e., the cutting out or cutting back of any particular 

 shoot or branch) is comparatively narrow. Roughly speaking, the only parts of 

 the tree to show response to pruning are those close to the pruning wound and 

 close to the space left by the removal of a branch. The author concludes in 

 substance that if the pruning that is to be afforded orchard trees is to be 

 such as will help establish and maintain rather than disturb a proper balance 

 between vegetative and fruiting ^^■ood, all parts of the tree should be pruned 

 annually and the pruning should be limited to the shoots, spurs, and smaller 

 branches. 



Report of the director of fruit culture, A. H. Benson {Anii. Rpt. Dept. Agr. 

 and Stock [Quee7island}, 1916-17, pp. 6Jf-71, pi. 1).—A review of the present 

 status of the fruit and vegetable industries in Queensland, including tabular 

 data showing the exports and imports of fruits and vegetables for the year 

 ended June 30, 1917. 



Sixteenth report of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, Duke of Bed- 

 ford and S. U. Pickering {Woburn Expt. Fruit Farm Rpt., 16 {1917), pp. 76, 

 fig. 1). — In continuation of previous reports dealing with fruit investigations 

 conducted at the Woburn Experimental Farm (E. S. R., 35, p. 37; 36, p. 140) 

 this report embodies the results of a large mass of observations made of the be- 

 havior of apple and other fruit trees, gooseberries, currants, raspberries, and 

 strawberries under different manurial treatment since the farm was established 

 in 1894. Comparative data are also given for potatoes and onions. The re- 

 sults secured are summarized in a series of tables and discussed at length. 

 Data on the work previous to 1904 have been published in a previous report 

 (E. S. R., 16, p. 872). 



Summarizing the results of the fertilizer investigations as a whole, it ap- 

 pears that farm crops, such as potatoes and onions, have responded favorably 

 to manurial treatment and there has been very little difference between the 

 results from artificial manure and dung. Apples grown in similar soil have 

 not responded favorably to manurial dressings of any kind. The application 

 of manures to strawberries increased the yield of fruit by only 12 or at most 

 15 per cent above that from plants receiving no manure at all. On the other 

 liand, the authors conclude that it would be madness to attempt to grow goose- 

 berries or other bush fruits without a liberal supply of dung. Artificial ma- 

 nures have not proved an efficient substitute for dung and under the conditions 

 of the experiment their use in addition to dung has produced no good results. 



Report on the statistics of vineyards, orchards, and gardens, and root 

 crops for the season 1916—17, W. L. Johnston {So. Aust. Statis. Dept. Bui. 3 

 {1917), pp. 4)- — Statistics on the area, production, and value for the year 

 1916-17, together with comparative data for the four previous seasons. 



Dusting V. spraying, L. Caesar {Canad. Uort., 41 {1918), No. 2, pp. 21, 22, 

 fig. 1). — A comparative test of dust and liquid sprays conducted in 1916 and 

 in 1917 in the Niagara district of Ontario indicates that the dust spray gave 

 almost as good results as the liquid spray, both with apple scab and the codling 

 moth. The cost of the two methods for large trees was about the same, but 

 for small trees spraying was much cheaper. Although the author succeeded in 

 controlling the San Jos6 scale on 48 large trees with a special dust sold for this 

 purpose, it is believed that to do satisfactory work the dust must be gi'ound 

 much finer or must be applied just after a shower. 



