654 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.38 



in codling moth control alone, but where aphis and sucking insects are to be 

 controlled the omission of lead will result in a considerable saving." 



In the experiments here reported, " when nicotin sulphate and arsenate of 

 lead have been used side by side the former has proved as efficient as the lead 

 in codling moth control and has kept the trees free from all sucking insects. 

 Trees sprayed with nicotin .sulphate showed much higher percentages of extra 

 fancy and fancy fruit than the trees sprayed with lead. The fruit was more 

 highly colored. Observations during the seasons of 1915 and 191G indicate that 

 the nicotin acts as a material check to the spread of San Jose scale. In the 

 nicotin sprays the addition of soap is advisable. It does not seem necessary 

 to use nicotin stronger than 1 : 800 for colding moth and 1 : 1,024 has given 

 nearly as good results." 



[Economic insects in France] (Bui. Soc. Path. Veg. France, 4 {1911), No. 1, 

 pp. S-18, Ifl. 45-47). — Among the papers here presented relating to economic 

 entomology are Notes on a Bacterial Disease of the Vine Pyralid, by G. DaumS- 

 zon (pp. 8-10) ; Garabids Injurious to the Strawberry Plant, by P. Lesne (pp. 

 11-15) ; Concerning a Claim of Priority Relating to Aster olecanium variolosum 

 (A. qucrcicola) , by G. Arnaud (pp. 16-18) ; on Cynips calicis, by P. Marchal (p. 

 41), and The Anthonomes, by A. L. Cl§ment (pp. 45-47). 



War on greenhouse pests, H. A. Gossaed (Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 2 (1917), No. 

 12, pp. 394-S96). — This is brief popular summary of information on plant lice 

 and white fly and the manner in which they may be controlled. 



Potato plant lice and their control, W. S. Regan (Massachusetts Sta. Bui. 

 m (1917), pp. 135-146). — This is a report of investigations made during the 

 course of the serious outbreak of the potato plant louse (Macrosiphum solani- 

 foUi) in Massachusetts in 1917. Their injury to potato plants became evident 

 during the second week in July and rapidly increased in severity until the latter 

 part of the month and early August, when no progressive injury could be noticed 

 and an examination of previously badly infested fields showed them to be pres- 

 ent only in very small numbers or in numbers insufficient to cause further 

 material injury during the season. Thus it appears that there was a period of 

 from three to four weeks when the plant lice were dangerously prevalent upon 

 potato plants, and the author's observations on this point were substantiated 

 by reports from other sections and the past history of its outbreaks. During 

 the outbreak the potato fields showed injury varying from slight to complete 

 destruction of the plants, some patches being completely free from infestation 

 while others near by were badly injured or destroyed before insecticides could 

 be applied. Migration to the winter hosts in Massachusetts appears to take 

 place to some extent during the latter part of July, but mainly during August. 



Spraying experiments were conducted with a number of contact insecticides, 

 several of which (blackleaf 40, 1: 800; Nicofume liquid, 1: 750, with soap; fish- 

 oil soap, 1:6) destroyed from 98 to 100 per cent of the plant lice without injur- 

 ing the plants. The results obtained have led the author to conclude that the 

 pest can be readily controlled by the use of blackleaf 40 or similar nicotin 

 preparation at the rate of 1 part to 800 parts of water, with the addition of com- 

 mon laundry soap, dissolved in boiling water, at the rate of 2 lbs. to 50 gal. of 

 the diluted blackleaf 40 solution. One application properly applied to the under- 

 side of the foliage when the infestation is severe enough to cause evident wilting 

 of the leaves can in most cases be made economically and to advantage. Fish-oil 

 or whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 lb. to 6 gal. of water is about equally as 

 effective. It is pointed out that blackleaf 40 can be combined safely with 

 Pyrox, Bordo-lead, Bordeaux mixture, or arsenate of lead, but that when these 

 are added soap should be omitted. Kerosene emulsion is not highly effective 

 against potato plant lice and the labor involved in preparing it is also against 



