I 



1918.] * ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 655 



its use. Tests of miscible or soluble oils seem to indicate that these materials 

 are dangerous to use upon potato foliage. Lime-sulphur is ineffective, even at 

 double the ordinary strength used upon foliage. 



The advisability of applying treatment in the control of this pest depends 

 upon the severity of the infestation, its seasonal importance, accessibility, avail- 

 able apparatus, etc. If injurj- to the plants has not been severe enough to kill 

 portions of the tops of the plants to an evident extent before the first of August, 

 it is probable that the injury likely to be done vpill not exceed the cost of apply- 

 ing treatment. When severe injury is noticeable before the first of August, a 

 thorough treatment should be made at once. " The destruction by burning of 

 potato vines after harvest, together with all weeds and other refuse about gar- 

 dens and potato fields, unless such material is composted ; the burning over of 

 gra.ssy and weedy fields in the vicinity of potato patches in the late fall or early 

 spring ; and late fall plowing of gardens are methods of clean culture which may 

 materially reduce future infestation. Injury by potato lice renders the plants 

 more susceptible to ' blight ' and should emphasize the need for frequent sprays 

 with Bordeaux mixture." In order to be effective the spraying outfit should 

 include an extension rod with an underspray nozzle set at a right angle to the 

 rod, in order that the underside of the leaves may be readily reached by the 

 spray. 



Brief mention is made of natural agents of control. 



A report of investigations conducted in Ohio by Houser during 1917 has been 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 462). 



The eye-spotted bud-moth (Tmetocera ocellana), E. M. DuPoete {Ann. Rpt. 

 Quebec Soc. Protec. Plants [etc.], 9 {1916-17), pp. 118-1S7, figs. i7).— Studies 

 of the biology of the eye-spotted bud-moth and means for its control, made dur- 

 ing the seasons of 1914, 1915, and 1916 in the Province of Quebec, chiefly on 

 the island of Montreal, are reported. 



The apple, pear, plum, cherry, quince, peach, blackberry, and laurel oak are 

 recorded as food plants of this species in America. The author has taken it 

 in Quebec on all these except quince, peach, blackberry, and laurel oak, and in 

 addition on Crataegus and an ornamental flowering crab. A marked preference 

 is shown for the apple. 



There is but one brood each year, but the larvae live throughout a portion 

 of two seasons, and the injury done by the young larvse in the summer and 

 fall differs from that done by the older larvae in the following spring. The 

 latter part of April or early May the caterpillars become active and injure 

 the leaf buds, flower buds, leaves, setting fruit, and sometimes the young twigs. 

 In one orchard in which the infestation was comparatively light, 18 per cent 

 of the flowers were destroyed. In Nova Scotia injury to the extent of 59.56 

 per cent of the blossoms is recorded, and in unsprayed orchards in Quebec the 

 author found evidence of injury to more than 50 per cent of the fruit buds. 

 Pupation on the twig commences the first week in June, and 11 or 12 days 

 pass before the adults emerge. The young caterpillar, which hatches out at 

 the end of June ox in July, immediately begins feeding on the underside of 

 the leaf, where it makes tiny excavations in the tissue. The injury caused by 

 its skeletonizing the leaves in summer may be more or less negligible, but more 

 important direct injury is caused when the insect attaches a leaf to a fruit, 

 feeding between the two and injuring the surface of the fruit. Usually in 

 Quebec the first adults begin to appear about June 20, their emergence con- 

 tinuing for about 4 weeks. Mating may take place and oviposition begin as 

 early as 24 hours after emergence, always at night and on the lower surface 

 of the leaf, and continues for a period of several days. The eggs generally 

 hatch in 8 or 9 days, but in one instance slightly less than 6 days was required. 



