1918.] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 659 



successfully only for short periods and little if any development takes place 

 at 50°. 



While Hawaiian conditions are unfavorable to the use of poison sprays, the 

 authors' work has convinced them that such sprays could be employed success- 

 fully in combating this pest in commercial orchards of California and of the 

 Southern States should they become infested. Attention Is called to the use 

 that can be made of commercial cold storage, the data presented indicating for 

 the first time the duration of time required for various temperature ranges to 

 kill the stages of the fruit fly within stored fruits. From these records it is 

 reasonable to conclude that the certification of properly refrigerated fruit is 

 practicable. 



Considerable attention is given to parasites of the fruit fly, the history, 

 description, and biology of Tetrastichus gifjardianus, Opius humilis, Diachasma 

 tryoni, and D. fullawayi being reported upon, and a discussion included of 

 methofls of rearing the parasites, struggle for supremacy among them, etc. 



Fruit fly parasitism in Hawaii during 1916, C. E. Pemberton and H. F. 

 WiLLAKD (C7. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 12 {1918), No. 2, pp. 103-108).— 

 The data here presented supplement the parasitism studies considered at length 

 in the report above noted and an earlier paper covering the year 1915 (E. S. R., 

 35, p. 760). The paper includes tabular data on the extent of infestation of 

 host fruite by larvse of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii during 1916, percentage 

 of larval parasitism of C. capitata in Hawaii in 1916 and 1917, and total 

 parasitism by months of all larvse of C. capitata collected in Hawaii during 

 1916. 



The total percentage varied ftx)m 6.98 per cent in January to 45.2 per cent in 

 September. The percentage of parasitism by Diachasma tryoni fell in the 

 winter and spring to as low as 0.2 (March) and rose in the summer and fall 

 to as high as 34 (September). "The parasite Opius humilis, more hardy and 

 prolific than any of the other introduced specie, has been overshadowed by 

 the other species, particularly by D. tryoni, and has had its seasonal rise and 

 fall directly the reverse and entirely dependent upon the rise and fall of this 

 species of Diachasma. The slight seasonal changes have little visible effect 

 upon the activities of O. humilis, however, for in the winter and spring, with 

 the decrease in abundance of D. tryoni, it rapidly ascends and becomes the 

 most eftective check upon the fruit fly." 



A comparison of data secured during the years 1914, 1915, and 1916 indicates 

 that the parasites now present in the Territory have reached their maximum 

 degree of development and can hardly be expected to attain a greater control 

 of the fruit fly than that evidenced in 1916. 



A new genus of Anthomyiidae, J. R. Maixoch {Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, 12 

 (1911), No. 5, pp. 113-115). — The genus Emmesomyia is erected for two new 

 species. 



A study of the factors which govern mating in the honeybee, G. D. 

 Shafeb {Michigan Sta. Tech. Bui. 3^ {1917), pp. 5-19, pis. S, figs. 2).— This 

 brief report of investigations conducted during 1916 deals with the structural 

 characters of the reproductive organs of both the queen and drone ; position 

 assumed by the queen and drone in coition on the mating flight; attempts to 

 control either mating or fertilization of the queen honeybee; classification of 

 certain recorded attempts to control mating, giving instances of mating during 

 confinement in one way or another and instances of artificial fertilization by 

 hand ; and attempts at controlling mating carried out under this investigation. 



Report from the division of bees for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1916, 

 F. W. L. Sladen et al. {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1916, pp. 1151-1194, pis. 

 ^). — The work of the year at the branch stations and the Central Experimental 



