680 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.38 



Lot 3, which received 1 lb. of meal to 8 lbs. of milk, was fed at an average 

 cost of $13.90 and made a profit of .$15.08 per cow per year. 



The cost of raising 3 French-Canadian heifers to 18 months and 10 days, 

 when they weighed 728 lbs., averaged $52.39 each. In another test the feed 

 cost of raising a dairy heifer from birth to 1 year, on whole milk, skim milk, 

 grain, roots, and hay, was $33.4G. Another heifer cost $25.95 to feed from 1 

 to 2 years of age, and another $30.02 from 2 to 3 years of age. 



Five lots of from 16 to 20 cows were fed as follows: Lot 1, roots, 1 lb. per 

 pound of milk, and timothy hay and oat straw ; lot 2, peas and oats as silage 

 and oat straw; lot 3, peas and oats, 75 per cent as silage and 25 per cent in 

 green sheaves, and oat straw; lot 4, peas and oats silage and prairie hay (3: 1) 

 and oat straw; and lot 5, pea.s and oats silage and timothy hay (3: 1) and oat 

 straw. The average cost of producing 1 lb. of butter was 19.7, 16.7, 22.5, 20.4, 

 and 22.6 cts., respectively. 



A number of pure-bred Holstein heifers were raised to 7 months of age 

 largely on skim milk, grain, roots, silage, and hay, with some whole milk dur- 

 ing the first two months. During this time the average feed cost was $19.65 

 per calf and the average daily gain 1.78 lbs. 



In continuation of previous work (B. S. R., 36, p. 77) 4 lots of calves were 

 fed as follows, in addition to a grain ration : Lot 4, whole milk ; lot 5, skim 

 milk ; lot 6, linseed cake ; and lot 7, a commercial calf meal. These calves made 

 average daily gains per head of 1.91, 1.61, 0.7, and 0.77 lb. at a cost per pound 

 of gain of 14.42, 5.49, 13.02, and 9.55 cts. It was noticed during the year that 

 calves fed three or four times per day while young gave better returns than 

 those fed twice per day. 



In a comparison of open shed v. stable for senior yearling heifers during a 

 long and severe winter in British Columbia those in open sheds gained 0.38 lb. 

 and those in stable 0.6 lb. per head daily. The average feed cost per pound of 

 gain was 27.9 and 16.4 cts. and the feed and housing cost per heifer $18.21 and 

 $25.07, respectively. 



Clover silage proved a valuable substitute for corn silage for dairy cows. 

 Oat and barley straw, when it could be obtained cheaply, was an excellent form 

 of roughage as compared with mixed hay. Field carrots produced good suc- 

 culence for dairy cattle and are recommended for dairymen who can not suc- 

 cessfully grow mangels. 



From a comparison of watering twice a day with keeping water before the 

 stock, it is concluded that " the ad libitum system of watering dairy cattle has 

 certain outstanding advantages over other systems, but not altogether from 

 the point of increased production." 



[Feeding experiments with dairy cows], J. J. Hoopek (Kentucky Sta. Rpt. 

 1915, pf. 1, pp. 2.'/, 25). — A report of experiments on the feeding value of osage 

 oranges for dairy cows has been noted from another source (E. S. R., 36, p. 374). 

 One cow was fed 226 lbs. of osage oranges from February 4 to March 1, in 

 addition to silage, corn meal, and bran. No effect was noted on the milk yield, 

 taste of milk, or the yellowness of the cream. On account of a liberal protein 

 content and the further fact that tlie oranges are succulent it is thought that 

 they may become of considerable economic importance in winter feeding. 



The feeding of 10 cc. of liquid cheese or butter color to another cow during 

 February failed to increase the yellow color of the cream. 



Feeding' dairy cattle, R. L. Shields {SoutJi Carolina Sta. Rpt. 1917 pp. 

 14-16). — A comparison was made of cottonseed meal and velvet bean meal, 

 supplemented by wheat bran, corn silage, and corn stover, for dairy cows. 

 Two cows were fed for 56 days by the reversal method, the concentrates con- 

 sisting of cottonseed meal and wheat bi'an (2:1) and velvet bean meal and 



