738 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.38 



to develop yellow grains, while cultures of Z 21 grown beside Fi and Fj gen- 

 eration hybrids (Z 14 XZ 21) have always been observed to produce only 

 white ears. 



In view of these observations the author concludes that the endosperm 

 color differences between Z 14 and Z 21 may be regarded as due to the presence 

 and absence of a single factor A. The presence of A prevents the development 

 of yellow color when the factors for yellow are present, and does not reveal 

 its presence in a variety which lacks these factors. In the absence of A a 

 given variety may be either yellow or white. Assuming a factor Y for yellow 

 pigment to be present in both races studied, Z. caragua is regarded as homo- 

 zygous for both A and Y, while California Golden Pop is homozygous for the 

 presence of Y and the absence of A. It is pointed out, however, that, including 

 the suppression factor A, at least three, and possibly five, pairs of factors are 

 primarily responsible for endosperm color in maize. 



New place effect in maize, G. N. Collins (f7. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Re- 

 search, 12 {1918), No. 5, pp. 2S1-243). — The author describes experimental work 

 with first-generation hybrids and a so-called pure strain of com, grown in the 

 same and in different localities as the parent stock to determine the effect upon 

 yield of a change of place. The four varieties selected for the experiment were 

 Stockton, Strawberry, Hickory King, and Boone. In 1912 each of these varieties 

 was planted in rows alternating with Boone, including Boone itself, which was 

 used as the male parent in making the hybrids, at Stockton, Kans. ; Victoria, 

 Tex. ; and Lanham, Md. In 1913 the seed produced at the three localities was 

 grown at each place, each hybrid, together with the pure-seed Boone, con- 

 stituting a separate experiment involving only a comparison of the yield from 

 the seed of the three localities. Seed of each sort from the different sources 

 was sown in adjoining rows, and each series repeated ten times. Excessive 

 drought destroyed the entire crop at Stockton. At the other points the corn 

 from all the experiments was harvested on the same day, and the weight of 

 ears and the number of plants recorded for each row. Tabulated data are 

 presented showing the yields in pounds per row and per plant from the several 

 rows, and the stand of plants secured from Maryland and Texas grown seed 

 subsequently grown and compared m Maryland and Texas. 



Regarding the ability to produce a stand as one of the manifestations of 

 greater vigor, it was concluded from these preliminary results that " with all 

 four kinds a comparison of the relative stand at the two localities is in favor 

 of the transferred seed. In the Boone variety the transfer of seed has resulted 

 in an 8 per cent increase of stand, a difference nearly four times the probable 

 error. Since the analysis of the comparative stand of local and transferred 

 seed shows that the differences are not accidental, but are consistently in favor 

 of the transferred seed, it would seem that yield per row is a more reliable 

 measure of comparative vigor than yield per plant. Yield per row is the meas- 

 ure of the practical results, and from this standpoint it is seen that all four 

 strains showed an increase in yield as a result of transfer of seed. In Texas, 

 where there was a definite tendency for an increased number of plants in a 

 row to reduce the yield per plant, yield per plant is obviously ill-calculated to 

 bring out the real difference in vigor." 



To corroborate these conclusions, somewhat simillar experiments were con- 

 ducted at Greenville, Tex. ; Sacaton, Ariz. ; and Lanham, Md., during 1915 and 

 1916, employing the varieties named above. The crop was a failure at Green- 

 ville. To eliminate differences due to irregularities in the stand of plants, seed 

 from Maryland and Arizona were planted in each hill, the source of the seed 

 being Indicated by the position of the plant in the hill. Measurements were 

 recorded of the height of each plant and the total length of the ear or ears in 



