1918.] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 767 



" It would appear that manure heaps may be a source of danger at any time 

 of the year, and if the spread of flies is to be prevented, manure should either 

 be burnt, or spread out in thin layers; dumping in the immediate vicinity of 

 camps and buildings should be avoided. Covering over the heaps with earth, or 

 sowing the surface with grass or other seeds, would appear to be of doubtful 

 value once eggs are deposited in the manure. 



" In the month of March, the presence of living fly larvse was demonstrated 

 in a mixture of earth and human excreta made six months previously ; it would 

 seem therefore that reliance can not always be placed on the method of disposal 

 in shallow trench latrines as a preventive of fly breeding ; in some soils the dis- 

 appearance of excreta is slow." 



Interrelations of fruit-fly parasites in Hawaii, C. E. Pemberton and H. F. 

 WiLLAKD {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 12 {1918), No. 5, pp. 285-^95, 

 pis. 4). — This is a report of studies made in connection with the work pre- 

 viously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 659). 



The observations have shown that where Mediterranean fruit fly larvae have 

 been parasitized by both Opius humilis introduced from South Africa and 

 Diachasma tryoni introduced from Australia, 0. humilis was killed and D. 

 tryoni developed to maturity. D. fullawayi, a later introduction, and D. try- 

 oni have been responsible for the great suppression of O. humilis, which is 

 more hardy and prolific than either of the two species of Diachasma and more 

 generally efficient than both combined. Tefrastichm gitfardianus, a late in- 

 troduction into Hawaii, has proved decidedly destructive to any of the opiines 

 when occurring in the same fly larvae or puparia with them, and has given 

 but small promise of accomplishing any perceptible control of the fruit fly. 



It is thought that sufficient evidence is presented to prove the superiority of 

 0. humilis over the other introduced fruit fly parasites in Hawaii, and to 

 demonstrate the decided restraint operated over it by the unfailing canni- 

 balistic activities of the larvse of D. tryoni in particular and of the other 

 parasites in part. Since O. humilis has a capacity of parasitizing from 80 

 to 90 per cent of the larvse of the fruit fly in favorable localities, such as the 

 large Kona coffee belt, the authors maintain that detrimental results to a 

 certain extent have arisen from the liberation in Hawaii of parasites other 

 than 0. humilis that attacked the larvse of the fruit fly. As a result the total 

 parasitism has been reduced to that of a parasite of secondary value. 



A new ortalid from the Philippines, F. Knab {Insecutor Insciticc Menstruus, 

 5 {1917), No. 7-9, pp. 125-127). 



New genera of Amobiinse, C. H. T. Townsend {Insecutor Inscitice Men- 

 struus, 5 {1917), No. 10-12. pp. 157-165).— In this paper, which deals with one 

 of the two subfamilies of Sarcophagidae, the author erects 11 genera and de- 

 scribes the type species of three. 



Five new species of North American Tachinidse, H. E. Smith {Psyche, 24 

 {1917), No. 5, pp. 137-141). — Homwonychia rapce, one of the species here de- 

 scribed as new, was reared from the imported cabbage worm at Melrose High- 

 lands, Mass. 



The white grubs injuring the sugar cane in Porto Rico.^ — I, Life histories 

 of May beetles, E. G. Smyth {Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., 1 {1917), No. 3, pp. 14I- 

 169). — This is a continuation of the report of investigations of the May beetles 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 161). 



The infection of Phyllophaga vnndiriei n. sp. with Metarrhizium anlsopUce 

 and Micrococcus nigi-ofaciens is first reported, followed by accounts of work 

 with the common white grub {P. portoricensis n. sp.), the south coast white 

 grub (P. guanicana n. sp.), the citrus white grub (P. citri n. sp.), and the 



