844 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 38 



acre with lime-sulphur, but this increased cost was offset by the great advantage 

 of reduced time In applying the dust. 



Dusting V. liquid spraying in Quebec, C. E. Fetch (Agr. Gaz. Canada, 

 5 (1918), No. 3, pp. 231-233, fig. 1). — These experiments comparing the value of 

 dustiug and liquid spraying as methods of applying insecticides and fungicides 

 were performed in the demonstration orchard of the Quebec Department of 

 Agriculture at Havelock, Quebec. 



The results for the one season of 1917 indicate that dusting with sulphur and 

 lead arsenate is fully as efficient in controlling diseases and pests as spraying 

 with lime-sulphur and does not burn the foliage so badly. Altliough dusting 

 costs more than spraying, the reduced time of application is considered to be a 

 great advantage, especially with the present shortage of labor. 



Preparation and use of lime-sulphur, J. A. Stevenson and R. T. Cotton 

 {Porto Rico Dept. Agr. Sta. Circ. 13 (1918), pp. 9, fig. i).— Directions are given 

 for the preparation and use of lime-sulphur with special reference to the spray- 

 ing of citrus trees. 



Cost of producing apples in Yakiina Valley, Wash., G. H. Miller and 

 S. M. Thomson (U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bui. 614 (1918), pp. 74, pls. 6, figs. i4).— This 

 is the fourth of a series of bulletins on the cost of apple production (E. S. R., 

 36, p. 841). It reports a detailed study in 1915 of the current cost factors in- 

 volved in the maintenance of orchards and the handling of the crop on 120 

 representative bearing orchards in Yakima Valley. 



The total annual acre cost of producing apples for the 120 farms studied was 

 $345.68, or 80.02 cts. per box, figured on an average yield of 432 boxes per acre 

 The net labor cost was 34.49 cts. per box, or 43.11 per cent of the total net cost. 

 Of the labor cost 17.71 per cent of the total cost was charged to maintenance 

 and 25.4 per cent to handling. Material and fixed costs were 45.-53 cts. per box, 

 or 56.S9 per cent of the total net cost. The greatest item of fixed cost was the 

 interest on investment, which made up 43.91 per cent of the cost other than 

 labor and 24.98 per cent of the total net annual cost. The increased labor cost 

 in cultivated orchards was offset by lower yields from orchards under the 

 mulch-crop system, hence the total cost of production was essentially the same 

 for both classes of orchards. Only orchards of bearing age, 7 years or older, 

 were considered in this investigation, their average age being 12.6 years. 



Of the principal commercial varieties now grown, Winesap, Jonathan, and 

 Ben Davis make up about 43 per cent of the total acreage. Other important 

 varieties grown are Esopus. Missouri, Yellow Newtown, Rome, Beauty. Gano, 

 Arkansas, and Stay man Winesnp. 



Tlie keeping quality of different varieties of apples, W. T. Macoun (Armi. 

 Rpt. Pomol. and Fruit Growing Soc. Quebec, 1916, pp. 82-88).— In this paper 

 the author discusses the keeping quality of various apples under average con- 

 ditions on the farm and presents the results of tests conducted for a number of 

 years in a small room in the apple cellar at the Central Experimental Farm, 

 Ottawa. 



Growing peaches: Sites and cultural methods, H. P. Gould {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Farmers' Bui. 911 (1918), pp. 44. flffs. 27).— This is a revision and combi- 

 nation of the two publications formerly issued as Farmers' Bulletins 631 and 

 632 (E. S. R., 32, p. 338). 



Gooseberries and currants, J. Oskamp {Indiana Sta. Bui. 207 {1911), pp. 

 S-11, figs. 10).— This bulletin contains suggestions relative to the culture, har- 

 vesting, and marketing of gooseberries and currants, including directions for 

 the control of insects and diseases and a descriptive list of varieties recom- 

 mended for Indiana based upon a 5-year test at the station. 



