882 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. [Vol. 38 



noted that the protein hydrolysis was greatest in the raw cream butter and 

 least in butter made from cream pasteurized at 185° flash process. The protein 

 cleavage was greatly increased after butter had been transferred from cold- 

 storage to room temperature. 



The causes of protein hydrolysis are discussed, and the methods used in 

 these experimental analyses of the cream and butter are outlined. Detailed 

 tabular data brought out in the study are appended. 



Errors in the weight of print butter: Their causes and prevention, H. 

 RUNKEL and H. M. Roeser (U. S. Dept. Agr., Office Sec. Cire. 95 {1918), pp. IJf, 

 figs. 7). — This circular, which is based upon studies by the Bureau of Chem- 

 istry in cooperation with the Division of Weights and Measures of the Bureau 

 of Standards, is issued to show the responsibility of butter makers in complying 

 with the requirements of the Federal net weight law and to suggest a procedure 

 to reduce the inaccuracy and lack of uniformity in present methods of printing 

 butter. 



The average difference between the heaviest and lightest of 50 1-lb. prints 

 selected at random in about 250 plants was 0.56 oz. The types of errors made by 

 manufacturers may be due to (1) the difference of single prints from 16 oz. and 

 (2) the difference of the average weight from 16 oz. Errors on single prints, 

 when the average is correct, are due principally to the physical condition of the 

 butter, the Inaccuracy of the printing machine, and the carelessness of the opera- 

 tor. These errors may be largely eliminated by attention to such details as 

 uniformity of mixing, control of the temperature at which printed, securing a 

 uniform solidity of the print, cutting all prints squarely, filling out the corners, 

 preventing air holes in the middle of the print, elimination of worn utensils, and 

 keeping cutting wires tight and the proper distance apart 



Errors on the average weight are due largely to inaccurate scales and incor- 

 rect methods of adjusting the machine. They may be largely eliminated by first 

 securing an accurate scale and then looking carefully to its preservation ; also, 

 by weighing at least 5 per cent of all prints in groups of five or ten at frequent 

 intervals during each churning in order to check up the printing machine. 



Actual conditions as they were found in the field are discussed and the rela- 

 tion of the different sources of error to one another is pointed out. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Preventive medicine and hygiene, M. J. Rosenatj (New York and London: 

 D. Appleton & Co., 1917, S. ed., enl., pp. XXX7I+1S7J,, pi. 1, figs. 206).— This 

 new edition is called by the author a " special " or " military " edition, inasmuch 

 as it contains a discussion of the " duties and organization of the Sanitary Corps, 

 the examination of recruits, diseases of the soldier, sanitation of troops in camp 

 and on the march, sanitation of barracks and trenches, physical training, per- 

 sonal hygiene and equipment of the soldier. Red Cross, rations, etc and 



the ' new ' diseases and new medical conditions which have arisen in the present 

 world war, such as trench fever, trench foot, war nephritis, shell shock, gas 

 poisoning, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, etc." The book contains chapters on 

 Sewage and Garbage, by G. C. Whipple; Vital Statistics, by J. W. Trask ; and 

 Mental Hygiene, by T. W. Salmon. 



Report of veterinarian, C. A. Caey (Alabama Col. Sta. Rpt. 1917, pp. 25- 

 27). — Work with the kidney worm (StepJianurus dentatus) has shown that its 

 eggs pass out from the body of its host in the urine and hatch at ordinary tem- 

 peratures in about 17 days in urine, water, and moist soil. Its eggs were found 

 in the urine in the bladder of a niunber of pigs, 



