884 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. [Vol.38 



a minimum amount of struggling. The treatment has proved practical on a 

 large scale and the results, as far as they could be determined, were entirely 

 satisfactory. Oil of chenopodium appeared to be effective for stomach worms 

 in sheep, although the data on this subject are not sufficient to warrant its recom- 

 mendation. It is also of some efficacy for hookworms in sheep and in dogs, 

 though in the latter case chloroform was found more reliable. 



" Other remedies which seem to have more or less merit as anthelmintics 

 against ascarids are the latex of Ficus laurifolia, santonin in repeated doses, 

 and thymol. Although thymol in repeated doses is fairly efficacious against 

 hookworms, it was inferior to chloroform for this purpose, causing more dis- 

 tress. An excellent preparation for mixed infestation in dogs consists of equal 

 parts of oil of chenopodium and chloroform, given at the rate of 0.2 mil per 

 kilogram, combined with 30 mil.s of castor oil. This preparation may be ex- 

 pected to remove all the ascarids present, a large proporti£)n of hookworms, and 

 possibly a certain percentage of whipworms. This latter parasite seems to be 

 very difficult to eliminate, and nothing tried by the writers proved very effica- 

 cious, almost any anthelmintic occasionally proving successful. This experience 

 may perhaps be explained by an intermittent peristalsis of the cecum, which 

 occasionally allows the anthelmintic to enter, but which usually excludes it. 

 Although chloroform was fairly successful in removing stomach worms from 

 sheep, both animals upon v/hich it was tried subsequently died from its effects, 

 and it would seem to be too dangerous for use on sheep. 



" In the case of stomach worms in sheep, copper sulphate was found to be 

 the most satisfactory remedy, the experiments confirming the findings of 

 Hutcheon. A simple apparatus devised by the senior writer reduces the labor 

 involved in drenching a flock of sheep and insures accurate dosage. Petroleum 

 benzin also proved satisfactory and was more efficacious for hookworms than 

 copper sulphate. However, it is much more expensive than copper-sulphate 

 solution, must be given three times and in a vehicle like milk, which adds 

 greatly to the expense. The fact that petroleum benzin (refined gasoline) 

 proved efficacious, while commercial gasoline was considerably less so, is per- 

 haps related to the differences in specific gravity and consequent volatility of 

 the refined product compared with the commercial product. 



"Among anthelmintics intended for use against tapeworms, male-fern proved 

 efficacious when tested on dogs. In the case of cats it removed all tapeworms 

 from 75 per cent of the animals tested, though it proved fatal to two out of 

 six animals which were somewhat enfeebled from disease. Apparently it is 

 more toxic to cats than dogs and should be prescribed with caution and only 

 given to healthy subjects. So far as can be judged from a single experiment 

 with dogs, there seems to be no danger in combining male-fern with castor oil, 

 as is done in the so-called Hermann's mixture. In fact, the writers are in- 

 clined to agree with Seifert (1908) that the administration of castor oil after 

 male-fern will avoid the toxic effects of the latter by causing Its rapid and 

 thorough elimination, and that for this purpose no other purgative is quite 

 so effective. This subject, however, should receive more study before con- 

 clusions are drawn. 



" Pelletierine tannate was a failure in the one experiment in which it was 

 tested on cats but was efficacious on dogs. No remedy was efficacious against 

 tapeworms In poultry. Of the four drugs tested, chenopodium gave the best 

 results for this purpose, but its efficacy for tapeworms is very slight. 



" Turpentine proved the most efficacious of the remedies tested on poultry 

 for the removal of Ascaridia perspicillum, while chenopodium was nearly as 

 good. When tested ©n dogs and pigs, turpentine was not very efficacious ; and. 



