1918.] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 885 



as it caused grave symptoms of nephritis in pigs and caused the death of some 

 of the experiment dogs, .its use upon these animals is inadvisable. 



" The treatment with chopped tobacco stems recommended by Herms and 

 Beach for ascarids in poultry proved fairly efBcacious for Ileterakis papulosa 

 and would presumably be at least as efficacious for A. perspiciUitm, since this 

 latter worm is more easily reached by anthelmintics than is //. papulosa. 



" There are a large number of drugs showing a greater or less degree of 

 efficacy for the various intestinal parasites of domestic animals. Usually their 

 action is selective — that is, they show a pronounced efficacy for certain species 

 of intestinal worms, while they are decidedly less efficacious or entirely ineffi- 

 cacious against other intestinal parasites. If we consider the ideal anthel- 

 mintic one which will remove all worms of a given class or species, and do this 

 every time in a single dose, we find that very few drugs approach this ideal. 



" Among the drugs which have given the best results under experimental con- 

 ditions for the purposes intended and concerning which the writers have suffi- 

 cient data to warrant positive conclusions may be mentioned the following: 

 (1) Copper sulphate in drench for stomach worms in sheep; (2) oil of 

 chenopodium for ascarids in pigs and dogs; (3) oleoresin of male-fern for tape- 

 worms in dogs; (4) turpentine for A. pcrspicillum in fowls; and (5) chopped 

 tobacco stems for H. papulosa in fowls." 



The treatment of severe burns with ambrine, C G. McMullen {Gen. Elect. 

 Rev., 20 (1918), No. 9, pp. 111-122, figs. 6; Sci. Amer. Sup., 85 (1918), No. 2203, 

 pp. 190, 191).— This article describes the use of ambrine in severe burns and 

 gives a resume of the literature on the subject. 



Bacteria in dust, E. Burnet (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 31 (1911), No. 12, pp. 

 593-600). — In bacterial examinations of sarapl(?s of fresh street dust, 3 out of 

 IS samples contained the tubercle bacillus. Dried dust obtained from vacuum 

 cleaners in theaters, stores, etc., gave evidence at first of very few organisms, 

 but with proper cultivation under anaerobic conditions it was found to contain, 

 in addition to BacUlus subtUis and various representatives of the mesentericus 

 group, putrefj-ing organisms such as B. welchii, B. tetanus, and B. sporogenes. 



The author suggests the possibility that certain cases of tetanus, the origin 

 of which is obscure, may be caused by the tetanus spores penetrating into the 

 body with very fine dust. 



The action of cold on microorganisms, A. Q. Ruata (Ann. Ig. [Rome], 28 

 (1918), No. 1, pp. 1-10). — The purpose of the studies reported was to determine 

 whether microorganisms are actually destroyed by cold or whether they are 

 simply rendered inert during the time in which they are kept at low tempera- 

 ture. Various organisms in gelatin culture were kept for from 1 to 24 days at 

 a temperature of from —3 to —12° C. in a dry atmosphere. Each day a small 

 portion of the gelatin culture was removed from the refrigerator and placed in 

 an incubator at 22° for 10 days, at the end of which time the colonies in the 

 various tests and in the control were counted. The biological properties of 

 the organisms studied were tested in various ways. Studies were made on 

 BacUlus coli, B. pyocyaneus, B. proteus v^dgaris, B. hulgaricus, B. clavatus, 

 and other putrefying organisms. 



The results show that the prolonged action of cold produces not only a 

 paralyzing effect upon microorganisms but progressively destroys them. The 

 spores of B. clavatus, although more resistant than the bacillus Itself, were 

 gradually killed under prolonged action of cold. The bacteriological properties 

 of the organisms studied showed progressive changes in accordance with the 

 gradual destruction of the organism. 



