1918.1 VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 889 



simultaneous method. The serum-alone treatment thus seems to be more suc- 

 cessful in the case of sick hogs, although the simultaneous method is superior 

 from the standpoint of imnmnizing hogs. 



IHcerous lymphangitis in horses {Clin. Vet. [Milan], Rass. Pol. Sanit. e 

 Ig., U {1918), No. 1-2, pp. 11-19, pi. l).—lu this article are summarized the 

 clinical forms and symptoms of ulcerous lymphangitis caused by the Preisz- 

 Nocard bacillus, the evolution and differential diagnosis of the disease, and its 

 prophylactic and therapeutic treatment. 



Infections caused by Bacterium pullorum in adult fowls, P. [B]. Hauley 

 KT AL. {Rhode Island Sta. Bui. 172 {1917), pp. 3-^0). — This bulletin reports the 

 results of a study in which it was established that Bacterium pullorum was 

 the causative agent in an epidemic in adult fowls indi.stinguishable in its clinical 

 picture and pathological manifestations from fowl typhoid. 



" The primary observations and the experimental features of the study lead 

 to the conclusion that latent B. pullorum infection was stimulated into active 

 manifestations of fatal generalized infection as a result of intestinal irritation, 

 or other physiological changes, following the feeding of a ration containing a 

 large proportion of roughage in the form of oat husks. The author points to 

 the need of regarding more seriously the endogenous as opposed to the exogenous 

 origin of ' epidemic ' diseases among poultry. Among possible endogenous dis- 

 ease-stimuli the importance of a hygienic feeding regime is especially em- 

 phasized. 



" The existence of intermediate bacterial forms, resembling B. pullorum, but 

 varying slightly toward B, gallinarum Klein is suggested, and it is proposed to 

 make use of the terms B. pullorum A and B. pullorum B in order to keep these 

 types distinct pending their further study. It is further suggested that B. 

 pullorum appears to stand as a border line group in the colon-typhoid inter- 

 mediates, separating the actual paratyphoids (B. gallinarum, etc.) from the 

 actual paracolons {B. suipestifer, B. paratyphosus A and B, etc.). It is recom- 

 mended that, in order to facilitate bringing about some degree of order in the 

 group of ' colon-typhoid intermediates,' gas-forming strains be referred to the 

 paracolon group, which should be revived ; and that androgenic forms only 

 should be referred to the paratyphoid group, in which B. gallinarum might 

 stand as the type species." 



The author reports that he has data on three epidemics in adult stock due 

 to the agency of B. pullorum. These epidemics, two of which were somewhat 

 extensive, occurred in widely separated parts of the country. In all three 

 bacteria of the fowl typhoid type {B. gallinarum) were absent, yet the clinical 

 picture and the pathological manifestations were those of fowl typhoid. 



A list of 13 references to the literature is given. 



A study of the etiology of roup in birds, J. G. Jackley {Kansas Sta. Tech. 

 Bui. 4 {1917), pp. 5-23).— A summary of inquiries pertaining to poultry diseases 

 at the station gave the following approximate percentage relationship of the 

 various poultry diseases in Kansas: Roup 70 per cent, cholera 15 per cent, 

 white diarrhea 9 per cent, blackhead 1 per cent, and other troubles, including 

 mites, lice, worms, etc., 5 per cent. Losses to the Industry from roup vary with 

 different seasons, occasional outbreaks showing a mortality of from 50 to 100 

 per cent, while in other years only 5 per cent of the flock may be infected with 

 perhaps less than 1 to 2 per cent mortality. Cases that recover from roup are 

 believed to be unprofitable, egg production generally being completely suspended 

 for a time, and the bird seldom fattens and may die later. 



In the course of the investigations here reported small Gram-negative, dip- 

 lococcus-like rods, which did not form spores nor form gas In carbohydrates, 



