HORTICULTURE. 47 



weight of green fruit per plant Septeniper 24, for each variety. Brief 



descriptive notes arc given on the varieties tested. The fruit of each 

 variety is illustrated. The author concludes that the varieties best 

 suited to New Hampshire are those which mature the hulk of their fruit 

 by September. The varieties that did best, named in order of product- 

 iveness, are Early Michigan, Acme. Brinton best. Beauty, bed Cross, 

 Waldorf, Fordhook First, Stone, and County Fair. 



Apple growing in New Jersey, E. B. Voorhees (New Jersey Stas. 

 Bui. 110. pp. 23).— This bulletin is the outgrowth of the statistical fruit 

 survey of the State made in 1805. Its purpose is to give the methods 

 of culture and marketing at present employed m the State, and to point 

 out some of the underlying principles of successful culture. 



In regard to the kinds of soil on which apples are successfully raised, 

 the census replies differ widely. Fifty-three per cent of them give 

 sandy or gravelly soil and subsoil, 13 per cent sandy soil with clay sub- 

 soil, L'2 per cent clay soil and subsoil, and 12 per cent clay loam sod 

 with clay subsoil. A porous soil overlaying a subsoil not too compact 

 is recommended by the author as a good type for apple culture. High 

 land with northwest exposure is favored by a majority of the apple 

 growers of the State. 



The selection of varieties is discussed with reference to soil, location, 

 demands of the market, etc. in small orchards for supplying the local 

 markets, a greater number of varieties may be grown to advantage 

 than in large ones located at a distance from market. The census 

 replies in regard to the best market varieties mentioned 111 different 

 kinds, the great majority of them being noted by only a few reporters. 

 The 15 leading varieties for the whole State are given with the number 

 of times each is mentioned in the reports. Lists of the 10 best varieties 

 for each, the northern, central, and southern, section of the State are 

 given. 



Under the head of setting the orchard, the author discusses the prep- 

 aration of the soil, age of trees, time of setting, and distance between 

 trees. The distance apart at which trees are set varies greatly accord- 

 ing to the kind of soil, habit of growth of the trees, etc., the tendency 

 being toward close setting with severe pruning. Census replies as to 

 the time of setting, distance apart, and age of trees are given for the 

 different sectious of the State. Two-year-old trees are preferred on the 

 stronger soils and 3 year-old ones on the lighter soils. 



The time and methods of pruning, methods and advantages of culti- 

 vation are discussed, and the practice of orchardists in regard to prun- 

 ing and cultivating, as shown by the census, is given. On the richer 

 soils a small majority of the orchards are in sod, while on the poorer 

 soils a large majority are cultivated. In a similar way the bulletin 

 treats of the need of manuring, kinds and amounts of manure used, and 

 the relative value of barnyard manure and commercial fertilizers for 

 different parts of the State. The advantages of proper grading and 



