ENTOMOLOGY. 65 



out. They may be combated by the use of poisons, by fumigation, 

 aud trapping. Tbeir wariness makes them difficult to combat with 

 poisoued baits, but they succumb to the effects of pyrethrum long enough 

 to allow them to be swept up aud burned. Small rooms may be made 

 nearly air tight and fumigated with bisulphid of carbon or in the case 

 of old houses with large lire places by following the German method 

 of molding gunpowder into cones and lighting them in the empty fire 

 places-. The insects will be driven from their hiding places by the smoke 

 of the burning powder and paralyzed, so that they may be readily 

 gathered and destroyed. Traps of various forms have been used suc- 

 cessfully. The egg parasite, Evania append i<j aster, is noted as one of 

 the natural enemies. 



The house ants (Monomorium pharaonis, M. minutum, and Tetramo- 

 rium ccespitum) can be destroyed, when their nests can be located in 

 the house, by attracting them to small bits of sponge moistened with 

 sweetened water and placed in situations where the ants are numerous. 

 From time to time, when swarming with ants, the sponge fragments 

 may be cast into hot water. A sirup made of borax and sugar dis- 

 solved in boiling water is also noted as a remedy. These methods are 

 to be aided by the removal of other attractive substances from their 

 neighborhood. 



Some insects affecting cheese, hams, fruit, and vinegar, />. 0. Hoteard 

 (pp. 100-111). — Under this head are treated the cheese, ham, and flour 

 mites (Tyroglyphus fongior and T. siro) the cheese or ham skipper (Pio- 

 phila casei), the red legged ham beetle (Necrobia rujipes), the larder 

 beetle (Dermestes lardaritts), the fruit or vinegar flies (Drosophila ampe- 

 lophila, 1>. amcena, J), funebris, 1>. graminum, and J), transversa). The 

 remedies recommended aside from cleanliness and watchfulness are for 

 the cheese mite, fumigation with sulphur or washing with keroseiie 

 emulsion all places likely to harbor it. For the ham beetle, it is advised 

 that hams be carefully packed in strong canvas impenetrable by the 

 insect; for the larder beetle the use of bisulphid of carbon; for the 

 vinegar flies, the use of good window screens and the perfect sealing 

 of all canned fruit. 



Insects affecting cereals and other dried foods, F. H. Chittenden (pp. 

 112-130). — Under this head the author treats the following pests: The 

 flour beetles, viz, the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum), the 

 rust red flour beetle (Tribolium ferrugineum), the broad homed flour 

 beetle (Echocerus cornatus) ; the meal worms, viz, the yellow meal worm 

 (Tenebrio molitor), the dark meal worm (Tenebrio obscunis), the Indian 

 meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), the meal snout moth (Pyralis fari- 

 nalis); the grain beetles, viz, the saw toothed grain beetle (Silvan us 

 siirinamensis), the cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus), the drugstore 

 beetle (Sitodrepa panicea), and its allies, the cigarette beetle (Lasio- 

 derma serricorne), the white marked spider beetle ( Ptin us fur), the brown 

 spider beetle (P. brunneus); and finally briefly mentions the granary 



