72 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Notes of the season (pp. 509-604). — The cabbage root maggot, the 

 cabbage louse, and the corn worm did less damage during 1895 than 

 the previous season, while the damage done by the Colorado potato 

 beetle and the European cabbage worm remained about the same as 

 during the previous year. Cutworms caused a great amount of 

 damage. The cabbage louse {Aphis brassicce) was noticeably absent 

 in Long Island, while the green fly (Bhopalosiphum dianthi) occurred in 

 destructive numbers. The apple louse (Aphis mali), the green fly 

 [Bhopalosiphum dianthi), and several other species are noted as more or 

 less common. The seed stalk weevil (Ceutorhynchus seriesetosus) of 

 kale, cabbage, and turnip did considerable damage in Long Island in 

 the seed-growing sections, but was not to be found at the west end of 

 the Island. The tomato worm, in many places in Queen's County, 

 entirely stripped the tomato vines. They were severely attacked by 

 parasites (Apanteles congregatus), and probably not more than 10 per 

 cent of the worms reached maturity. 



Notts on remedies for the pernicious and other seale insects (pp. 605- 

 G17). — The pernicious scale has been traced to nearly all parts of Long- 

 Island, and to trees obtained either from infested Long Island or New 

 Jersey nurseries. Very extensive experiments are recorded in which 

 kerosene emulsion diluted with 2 and 3 parts of water, a resin wash, 

 a lime-sulphur-salt wash, a saturated solution of crude potash, and a 

 fish-oil soap mixture were employed. Summer washes were given as 

 severe tests as possible, the principal object being to determine which 

 would kill the largest number of migrating young. A secondary object 

 was to test the effect of a crude petroleum emulsion on adult scales. 

 The results obtained showed that 80 per cent of all young scales that 

 issued during the period of treatment were killed by the crude petro- 

 leum emulsion. Lew of the plants retained their leaves. In those 

 experiments in which kerosene emulsion was employed nearly all 

 retained their leaves, as well as many live young scales, only 50 per 

 cent being killed. Approximately, all the exposed young were killed 

 by both emulsions. The linseed and whale oil soap treatment and the 

 gas treatment are also mentioned, as well as the plan of dipping stock. 



The other scales noted are the oyster shell bark louse and the "euony- 

 mus scale" (Ghionaspis euonymi). From the various experiments 

 recorded the author concludes that the best results are to be obtained 

 by applying the winter washes during the fall and that whale-oil soap 

 is the best remedy for general use. In case of nursery stock it is 

 important to remove the dirt from about the crown of the trees and 

 apply the wash thoroughly from buds to roots in the fall or early spring. 

 But the gas treatment is considered the simplest and cheapest, and, so 

 far as tested on Long Island, has given as good results as any of the 

 other remedies. The oyster shell bark louse and the euonymus scale 

 can be controlled by washes. Linseed oil is not a safe remedy at any 

 season on peach trees and should be carefully tested on all trees having 





