FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 81 



The dietary study (pp. 30-40). — A dietary study was made of a 

 mechanic's family by the usual methods. 1 The results of the investi- 

 gation, including analyses, are expressed in full. The nutrients con- 

 sumed per man per day and their cost were as follows: Protein, 100 

 gm.; fat, 138 gm.; carbohydrates, 425 gm.; fuel value, 3,435 calories; 

 nutritive ratio, 1 : 7.4; cost, 25 cts. This investigation is compared with 

 the results of similar studies made elsewhere. 



"The New Jersey dietary did not differ more widely from the dietaries of profes- 

 sional men, farmers, and students' clubs than from the average dietaries of other 

 mechanics' families. 



"[The cost of the food in this dietary was rather higher than usual in similar 

 studies] Two articles were purchased, namely, oranges and celery, which added 

 comparatively little to the food value of the dietary, but increased the cost very 

 materially. This family spent 14.8 per cent of the whole cost of the food for celery 

 and oranges, and in return got only 1.2 per cent of the total protein and 1.4 per cent 

 of the total fuel value. The oranges and celery certainly added to the attractive- 

 ness of the dietary, but the use of such articles of diet must of course be governed by 

 the resources of the family. " 



On the importance of the physiological requirements of the ani- 

 mal body : Results of an attempt to grow cattle "without coarse 

 feed, E. Davenport (Illinois Sta. Bui. 46, pp. 362-371). — The author 

 made tests with 4 calves to study the effect of feeding a ration which 

 contained no coarse fodder. Calf No. 1, a grade Shorthorn, was fed at first 

 large quantities of milk and later a grain ration of corn and oats (1:1). 

 When about 5 months old the calf consumed a half bushel of grain 

 daily. Though large amounts of food were consumed the calf always 

 seemed hungry. When about 4 months old its joints began to swell 

 and the legs to.stiffen. W r hen about 5 months old disturbances of the 

 nerve centers appeared and the calf was killed, since it was evident it 

 would not live much longer. 



Calf No. 2, a Shorthorn -Friesian- Jersey, was fed for 7 months on skim 

 milk exclusively. For some time its appetite was abnormally large and 

 it was not satisfied with 50 lbs. of skim milk daily. Later there was a 

 loss of appetite, the legs became stiff, and it was evident that if the 

 diet were continued the calf would not live. It was therefore given 

 straw, which it ate greedily. Three hours after taking the coarse food 

 it chewed its cud for the first time in its life and recovery was rapid. 



Calf No. 3, a grade Jersey, was fed milk at first and later some grain. 

 At one time more than 70 lbs. of milk were consumed per day. Later 

 the appetite diminished and the calf appeared entirely indifferent to 

 food. After being deprived of coarse fodder for about 5 months it was 

 given hay and recovered its normal condition rapidly. 



Calf No. 4, a high grade Jersey, was weaned early and put on a diet of 

 milk and grain and later grain alone. After about 3 months the calf 

 suddenly sickened and died. 



In no case did the calves chew the cud when no coarse fodder was 

 consumed, although the amount of gram eaten was large. In the early 



1 U. S. Dept. Agr., Office of Experiment Stations Bui. 21 (E. S. R., 7, p. 148). 



