VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 95 



de Montsouris for 1897 it is stated that according to Miquel ou an average 7,620 bac- 

 teria are found in each cubic meter of Paris air, or 4,020 in winter and 9,685 in sum- 

 mer. In the air of sewers the average is 2,500 per cubic meter, and does not vary 

 during the season. During January, 1895, the water of the Dhuys was strongly con- 

 taminated, containing 215,000 colonies per cubic meter. When breaks were made in 

 the aqueduct, the number fell to the normal | 1,635 ) soon after. ( )ften the average is 

 4,050 per cubic centimeter, thus showing that it is not very pure. 



Visceral lesions consequent upon burns (Beo. Scient., 4. set:, 7 (1897), No. 20, 

 p. 631). — Note is made of an article by Baardeen in the April number of the Johns 

 Hopkins Hospital Bulletin on the subject of the cause of such lesions and how they 

 are produced. It is stated that an examination of the blood of animals burned 

 experimentally has shown that the burning has developed toxic principles. These 

 same principles are fouud in the urine of persons accidentally burned. Further, it 

 is stated that these lesions are similar to those found in subjects that have died from 

 acute infectious diseases. 



Bacteriology and infectious diseases, E. M. Crooksiiank (London: H. K. Lewis, 

 1896, 4th ed., pp. AAA', 715, pU. .':, Ji<js. 273). — Methods of investigation, etc. The 

 second part, comprising about H00 pages, is devoted almost wholly to diseases of 

 animals. Anthrax receives considerable attention. A brief history of its spread 

 since its discovery in 1849 by Pollender is given, as well as various tests for the 

 identification of the organism. 



Bacteriology and infective diseases, G. T. Bhowx (Jour. Boy. Agl. Soe. England, 

 3 ser., 8 (1897), Xo. 1, pp. 153, 154). — A review of the fourth edition of Crookshank's 

 work on this subject. 



The more important diseases of swine : Their prevention and treatment, 

 J. Law (pp.27). — A popular lecture presented before the New York State Board of 

 Agriculture, January 15, 1!*S96, and covering diseases of organs, constitutional dis- 

 eases, parasitic diseases, and contagious diseases. The subject of swine plague is 

 given considerable space, and is further brought out in the discussion that followed 

 the lecture. Cases are noted where the tlesh and even the limbs of diseased hogs fell 

 off. The disease is shown to be largely traceable to the feeding of slops aud refuse. 



Immunity conferred by bleeding ( Bee. Sclent., 4. ser., 7 (1897), Xo. 24, pp. 760). — It 

 is noted that a Russian physiologist, Essipov, has studied the effect of copious bleed- 

 ing on the chemical composition and on the properties of the blood, and concluded 

 that by bleediug (at the rate of - :! J - r to fo of the weight of the body) of rabbits, guin- 

 eas, and pigeons, the blood of the animals acquires decided bactericidal powers, 

 which are especially characteristic in the case of the cholera germ. The immunity 

 becomes gradually established, reaching its maximum in about 24 hours. Then it 

 decreases. Not only does the blood fail to form a culture medium for the bacteria, 

 but the entire animal becomes for the time immune, becoming refractory even to 

 inoculations. The immunity is more pronounced in cases of frequent bleeding. 



The examination of blood in disease, R. C. Cabot (London, New York, and Bom- 

 bay : Longman's, Green $ Co., 1S97. pp. XIX, 405, ill.; rev. in Nature, 56 (1897), No. 

 1440, pp. 100. 101). — The methods of chemical examination of blood »xe set forth, and 

 an enormous amount of matter is arranged in a form for ready reference- It is the 

 first book in English upon the subject. 



Ascaris megalocephala as a cause of death, Giiaefe (Deut. thierarztl. Wochen- 

 schr.,4(1896),pjp. 29,30; abs.in Centr. Bl. Bakt. and Par., l.Abt., 20 (1896). p. 932; Jour. 

 Hoy. Micros. Soc., 1897, No. 2, p. 126). — Post-mortem examination of a 7-year-old 

 horse that had suffered from cramps and progressive emaciation showed 2 Jscaris 

 megalocephalce that had perforated the walls of the intestine and caused peritonitis, 

 and in the small intestine a couple of pailfuls of the worms. 



Scab in sheep and goats, O. Myklestad (Tidsskr. norske Landbr., 3 (1896), pp. 

 333-338). 



Elimination of water and carbon anhydrid from the skin, W. Barrett (Jour. 

 Physiol., 21 HS97), pp. 192-208; Proc. Physiol. Soc. [London], 1896-97, pp. 10-12; 

 abs. in Jour. Client. Sac. [London], 71-12, No. 414, p. 219). 



