138 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



" Cardinal, Columbian, and Shaffer were the most satisfactory of the purple berries. 



"For early red berries Cline and Pomona are both worthy of a trial. Of the mid- 

 season, Clark and Pride of Kent were the most productive, but they are valuable for 

 home use or local market only. Royal Church and Cuthbert are both productive 

 late varieties, but the former crumbles badly and Cuthbert does not stand shipping 

 well. Olathe and Loudon are quite firm and have an attractive color which should 

 make them valuable market varieties. 



"The yellow berries are desirable for home use, and of these Caroline was the 

 most productive of all the raspberries fruited on the station grounds." 



G-ooseberries, S. A. Beach (New York State Sta. Bui. 114, n. ser., 

 pp. 48,2)ls. 11, figs. 6). — A comparison is made of European with Ameri- 

 can varieties of gooseberries, the relative merits of each class being as 

 follows: The European varieties are superior in varied colors and large 

 size of fruit and in early marketable condition of the green fruit; they 

 are also preferred at fruit-preserving establishments. The best varie- 

 ties of the American class are superior in productiveness, hardiness, 

 ease of propagation from cuttings and layers, quality of fruit, delicacy 

 of its flavor, thinness of the fruit skins, and freedom from mildew. The 

 European species (Eibes grossularia) and the 2 American species from 

 which cultivated varieties have sprung (R. oxyacanthoides and B. cynos- 

 bati) are described in detail and the botanical features characterizing 

 them presented in tabular form for ready comparison. 



Descriptive notes are given on 193 varieties of the 489 species and 

 varieties growing at the station. A number of these varieties are illus- 

 trated. The following summary is given: 



"Downing is one of the best of the American class. Crystal very prolific, unat- 

 tractive, and drops badly. Pale Red and Houghton, productive, attractive in color, 

 objectionable on account of small size. Of the newer varieties, Champion and Red 

 Jacket deserve especial mention. 



"Industry, Crown Bob, and Lancashire Lad are among the best of the European 

 class for marketing green. Wellington Glory has made an excellent record here. 

 Among the newer varieties Dominion and Triumph are worthy of extended trial." 



Propagation by seeds, suckers, layers, and cuttings, methods of plant- 

 ing and pruning, and cultivation and manuring are discussed. 



The currant worm and gooseberry fruit iiy are described and illus- 

 trated, and the injury caused by them noted. Spraying with Paris 

 green or London purple while the fruit is small and afterwards with 

 powdered hellebore is recommended for the currant worm, and picking 

 the fruit while green is suggested as a preventive from injury by the 

 gooseberry fruit fly. Notes are also given on the currant borer, the four- 

 lined leaf bug, and the San Jose scale. 



The injury done by the mildew and leaf spot diseases is noted. As a 

 remedy for leaf spot, spraying with Bordeaux mixture once before the 

 fruit begins to grow and 4 times after picking is suggested. The treat- 

 ment recommended for mildew is spraying with potassium sulphid at 

 intervals of 10 days until the fruit is nearly ready for market. Locations 

 should be chosen which give good soil and air drainage and any hin- 

 drances to the free circulation of air should be provided against. 



