152 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ment. For the sake of completeness a few foreign insects, like the 

 tsetse fly Glossina morsitans), are included. A new species (Cuterebra 

 sterilator) is described and figured, and the first published figure of a 

 speeies of Ceratopogon, known as " No -see-uni" or "Punkie," is given. 

 The former mseet closely resembles G. emaseulator, and was found 

 leaving the burrow of a striped gopher. From this latter fact the 

 author supposes it to be the adult of the emasculating bots of this small 

 mammal. 



The sheep gadfly ((Estrus ovis) is treated somewhat at length. Per- 

 sian insect powder blown forcibly into the nostrils or used as an extract 

 in alcohol is recommended as a remedy, as also the usual methods of 

 removing with a feather moistened with oil or carbolic acid or creosote. 



The mosquito is also treated at length and original figures given. 

 The author kept a sort of census of the number raised in two barrels of 

 rainwater. On July 6 the water in one barrel was filtered and found 

 to contain 35 grams of mosquitoes, which by actual count was fouud to 

 be the weight of 7,595 larvae and pupse. Besides these there were 32 

 egg masses which would produce about 9,664 mosquitoes, making a 

 total of 17,259. The other barrel was examined July 22, and by the 

 same process 19,110 mosquitoes counted. 



It is repeatedly pointed out that parasites may be injurious aside 

 from their mere parasitic habits, by their transmitting the germs of 

 disease, as in the case of flies after crawling over contaminated bodies; 

 or, as in the case of some other bugs and the mosquitoes, from their 

 having previously bitten diseased animals. Finally, there is a brief 

 account of the snow fiy {GMqnea valga) — figures of which are given. 

 The author states that about Christmas this insect was observed in 

 large numbers upon newly fallen snow. Generally, the insects were 

 seen in the early morning, and it was observed that the sexes copulate 

 in spite of the cold, and that the female crawls down into a crevice 

 in the snow and deposits her eggs. 



Studies of the life histories of grass-feeding Jassidae, H. OsboEJn 

 and E. D. Ball (Iowa Sta. Bui. 3-1, pp. 612-655, pis. 7). — The observa- 

 tions made upon these hemipterous hoppers during the past 5 years 

 are briefly summarized by the statement that, although seldom noticed, 

 the loss from these insects must be truly enormous, and that by t)he 

 proper use of the tar-pan or " hopper-dozer " the numbers of the insects 

 may be materially reduced. 



The aim of the authors in the present studies was (1) to determine 

 the life histories of as many as possible of the grass-feeding species, 

 (2). to learn their range of food plants, especially when in the larval 

 condition, (3) to collect all grass feeding species with a view to their 

 identification and to the formation of a basis for future life his'tory 

 studies. Summarizing the results of his work he says: 



"Of a number of species we are able to present sufficient details <>.f life history to 

 warrant final conclusions, while of others the record is yet too fragmentary to he 



