ENTOMOLOGY. 155 



experiments made with whale-oil soap, a rosin-whale-oil mixture, and 

 the "liochester Sanitary Fluid" as remedies. The well-known insect 

 enemies of the scale are mentioned. 



The experiments showed that the whale-oil soap applied hot in the 

 form of a spray killed from 95 to 98 per cent of the scales, while 

 applied with a scrubbing brush it killed only about 70 to 80 per cent. 

 The rosin wash used as a spray killed about 90 per cent. A mixture 

 of whale-oil soap and the "Eochester Sanitary Fluid" (1 lb. whale-oil 

 soap, A gal. of the fluid, and 7 gals. of water) applied hot destroyed 

 only 50 to 00 per cent. The sanitary fluid diluted with one volume of 

 water did somewhat better work, but it is too expensive a remedy to 

 be recommended for general use. Diluted with five volumes of water 

 and applied in the form of a spray and with a scrubbing brush it gave 

 almost negative results. 



The use of hydrocyanic-acid gas is recommended where it is prac- 

 ticable. Infected nursery stock should be burned, for when once 

 badly attacked it rarely makes vigorous trees. 



Formulas for whale-oil soap, the winter rosin wash, and hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas, with the customary directions, are given. Then follows the 

 text of the State law (Senate Bill 243), entitled "An act to prevent 

 the introduction and dissemination of dangerous insect, fungus, and 

 weed pests of crops '■ and of a paper regarding the same read before 

 the Assembly. This mentions briefly the cotton boll weevil, the gypsy 

 moth, the tobacco leaf miner, the San Jose scale, and peach yellows. 

 Of the $400,000,000 damage done by insects and fungi in the United 

 States, $2,000,000 is thought to be North Carolina's share. 



The woolly aphis of the apple, J. M. Stedman {Missouri Sta. Bui. 

 35, pp. 61, figs, (i). — A popular account is here given of this insect 

 [Schizoneura lanigera), its life history, habits, and injuries to orchards 

 in Missouri. Aphelinus mali, Pipiza radicum, Scymnus cervicalis, and 

 Chrysopa sp. are mentioned as natural enemies, and experiments with 

 tobacco dust, carbon bisulphid, and kerosene are recorded. Cages for 

 laboratory studies of the root form of this insect are described and 

 figured. 



In the experiments with carbon bisulphid 20 trees were treated on 

 June 29 by injecting from I to 3 oz. of the liquid close to the crown 

 of the tree. As a result, every tree was found within a month to be 

 either wholly or partly dead. Every portion of the tree with which 

 the bisulphid came in contact was killed. Later, August 25, 30 badly 

 infested apple trees were treated with the same substance by injecting 

 from 1 to 3 oz. from 4 to 2 ft. away from the crown. Five trees were 

 treated with 4 oz. at the distance of 4 ft. from the tree ou 3 sides, 5 trees 

 received the same treatment except that the distance from the tree was 

 2 ft., 5 trees received 2 injections on 2 sides at the distance of 1 ft. from 

 the trunk, and 5 other trees the same treatment at a distance of 2 ft. 

 In another lot of 5 trees, only 4 injection of 4 oz. was made at the 



