FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



171 



In the case of calf D the income of nitrogen and the outgo in the 

 feces are not recorded. The amount of digested nitrogen was 38.58 gm. 

 in the first period, 39.9 gm. in the second period, and 38.39 gm. in the 

 third period. The amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine in the cor- 

 responding periods was 13.54 gm., 20.5 gm., and 18.2 gm., respectively. 

 There was a gain of nitrogen in the 3 periods of 25.04 gm., 16.40 gm., 

 and 20.28 gm., respectively. 



Soxhlet's experiments with sucking calves 1 are discussed at length. 

 From his own experiments the author concludes that the exclusive 

 feeding of skim milk does not furnish protein in an economical manner. 

 The addition of 100 gm. of starch to the daily ration served to protect 

 17. G gm. of protein. Fat is a much better protector of protein in the 

 calf than in the full-grown animal. The addition of fat to skim milk 

 for fattening calves is recommended, though the author does not believe 

 that the best substitute for whole milk has been found. 



The influence of oxalic acid in feeding stuffs, I, S. von jSTathu- 

 sius (Ztschr. Ver.Biibenz. Tnd.deut. Reichs, t897, No, 194, pp. 299-331). — 

 Beet tops as a feeding stuff have often been found injurious. This has 

 been attributed to the oxalates which the leaves contain. To test the 

 effect of oxalic acid experiments were made with Ilaidschnucker sheep, 

 1 ram and 3 ewes. 



In the experiment with the ram the balance of income and outgo of 

 calcium oxid, and in a number of cases of nitrogen, was determined, in 

 addition to the amounts of food consumed and the gains or losses in 

 weight. The ram was fed a basal ration of 200 gm. of dry beet chips 

 and 500 gm. of hay per day. The experiment was divided into 11 

 periods. In 3 periods 20 gm. of oxalic acid, half neutralized with 

 sodium carbonate, in the form of a 10 per cent solution ; in 2 periods 20 

 gm. of oxalic acid neutralized with calcium carbonate; in 1 period 20 gm. 

 of oxalic acid, and in 2 periods 15 to 25 cc. of lactic acid were added to 

 the basal ration. In 3 periods the basal ration was fed without the 

 addition of oxalic or lactic acid. In 2 of these periods, however, 

 sodium chlorid was given. The balance of income and outgo of nitro- 

 gen and calcium oxid is given in the following table: 



Results of feeding oxalic acid to a sheep. 



a The nitrogen balance was determined for 5 days only. 



•F. Soxblet: Untersuchungen iiber den Stoffweclisel des Sangkalbes. Wien, 1878, 

 pp. 54. See also Erstev Bericht iiber Arbeiten der k. k. landw. chem. Vers. Stat, in 

 Wien aus den Jahren 1870-'77. 



