276 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



and morning and at intervals of 2 hours during the day. The experiments covered 

 a number of dietary conditions, including fasting. In some cases the balance of 

 income and outgo of nitrogen was determined. 



On the influence of rarefied air, 6. Lewinstein (Arch, gcsam. Physiol. [Pfliiger], 

 65 (1897), No. 5-6, pp. 278-280). — Experiments were made with rabbits to study the 

 effect of rarefied air. Rabbits died in from 2 to 3 days when confined in an atmos- 

 phere with a pressure of 300 to 400 mm. This corresponds to the atmosphere of an 

 altitude of from 5,000 to 7,500 meters. The animals were dissected and the changes 

 observed in the organs and tissues are discussed. 



The influence of rarefied air and the air of high altitudes on man, A. Loewy, 

 J. Loewy, and L. Zuntz (Arch, gesam. Physiol. [Pfliiger], 66 (1897), No. 9-10, pp. 

 477-538). — A number of experiments in which the l-espiratory quotient was deter- 

 mined were made under various conditions with 3 subjects on Monte Rosa in the 

 Alps. The results were compared with similar experiments made in Berlin. In the 

 author's opinion the experiments showed that the air of high regions had a different 

 effect from rarefied air. The latter causes little if any change in the metabolism 

 during rest or work. The air of high regions, however, increased the general metab- 

 olism. The experiments are discussed at length. 



Horse breeding in ancient and modern times, I. K. Merder and V. E. Firsov 

 (Busskaya Loshad v Drernosti i Teper. St. Petersburg, 1896. Reviewed in Trudi Imp. 

 Voln. Econ. Obsh. [Arb. K. freien bkon. Ges.~], 1S97, I, No. 2, pp. 310, 311). — This is a 

 detailed report of an investigation of Russian horse breeding from the earliest times 

 to the present day. On the supposition that the original type of the ancient Slav 

 horse was Mongolian the author describes the modifications which this type has 

 undergone due to crossing, etc. — p. fireman. 



On the feeding of swine ■with reference to the feeding standards and the 

 quality of meat, F. Lehmann (landw. Wochenbl. Schleswig- Rolstein, 47 (1897), No. 28, 

 pp. 412-415). — An address delivered before the Society of German Swine Breeders. 



The computation of rations for farm animals, H. P. Armsby (Pennsylvania Sta. 

 Bulletin of Information No. 1, pp. 39). — This is a popular bulletin, explaining the gen- 

 eral principles of feeding, feeding standards, computation of rations, and fertilizing 

 value of feeding stuffs, and showing the composition of feeding stuffs with reference 

 to food and fertilizing constituents. 



The chapter on planning a season's feeding is out of the usual order and brings 

 the matter home to the farmer in a very plain, practical manner. 



The raising of coarse-wool sheep in the southern Russian governments, N. 

 Chirvinski (Selslc. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1S2 (1896), pp. 721-761). — The various breeds of 

 sheep raised in southern Russia are described and their qualities from an economical 

 standpoint discussed. The author points out that sheep with coarse wool, in conse- 

 quence of their small productiveness, do not fulfill the present economical require- 

 ments and must therefore be improved or replaced by other breeds. — p. fireman. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The udder of the cow, C. S. Plumb {Indiana Sta. Bui. 62, pp. 73-96, 

 Jigs. 11). — This bulletin gives a description of the cow's udder, illus- 

 trated by several original drawings, and an account of studies made on 

 the udders of different cows and on the yield of milk from different 

 parts of the udder. 



"A good type of an udder, in its side outline, will very nearly have the curve of 

 a part of a circle. If it is a line udder, it will be carried beyond the lines of the 

 circle, by an extension along the belly and well up behind toward the vulva. Such 

 an udder, with 4 teats about 3i in. long, well placed under each quarter and not 

 crowded, makes the very best type obtainable, as viewed from one side. Examined 



