DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 279 



on* 1 ! of the first prize winners. As to possibilities of production, if one-tenth of the 

 total area of Missouri and Kansas should be devoted to dairying, with 4 acres to a 

 cow, and the cows yield an average of 200 lbs. of butter a year, there would be pro- 

 duced annually over 500,000,000 lbs. of butter, which, at 10 cts. a pound, would make 

 $50,000,000, to say nothing of the returns from the skimmed milk fed to calves, pigs, 

 and poultry. 



"This, too, would mean an enormous increase in the value of farm property, because 

 of better improvements, more careful saving of manure, and better systems of farming, 

 all of which almost invariably accompany the development of dairying. . . . 



"If properly managed, the coru fodder, which heretofore in the corn-growing 

 States of the West has been largely wasted, can be converted into cow food of almost 

 incredible value. There are grown yearly in Missouri over 6,000,000 acres of corn. 

 Of this less than half is cut up for fodder, so that at least 3,000,000 acres of corn fod- 

 der are practically allowed to go to waste. This is enough to winter, on a liberal 

 allowance and with other feed in proper proportion, 1,000,000 cows, which, if fresh 

 in the autumn, could be made to yield a profit of $10 a head from the winter's feeding, 

 making a total return of $10,000,000. . . . 



"Uncut corn fodder is troublesome to handle in the barn, and if fed loosely in the 

 yard most of it is wasted. The writer has fed corn to cows during the past winter 

 in a way that is quite satisfactory. Stalls were made, each for 2 cows, but with a 

 simple, long manger so wide and deep that an armful of uncut corn could be laid in 

 at full length. Ears were not removed from the stalks, thus feeding to the cows 

 the entire corn plant (minus the root). . . . 



" The amount of refuse is surprisingly small. Considerable unmasticated and undi- 

 gested corn passes through the cows, but with pigs to clean up after them this need 

 cause uo waste. After having led corn in the different ways recommended, this 

 method generally suits so well that the fodder cutter often stands idle in the winter." 



As to the productiveness of the cows kept in Missouri, it is stated 

 that "a very few dairymen make their cows yield an average of 7,.j00 

 lbs. of milk a year, from which they make 300 lbs. of butter. Much 

 the greater number of cows kept for dairy purposes in the State yield 

 less than 4,000 lbs. of milk a year, and from this the butter produced 

 is less than 150 lbs." 



The location and management of creameries and cheese factories is 

 illustrated by charts and discussed. 



"The average quality of the cheese made in Missouri and Kansas is not as good, 

 comparatively, as that of the butter from the creameries of those States. . . . 



"An extensive business in making Swiss cheese is being developed at California, 

 Missouri. There are 5 factories in the county, one of which has been in operation 

 20 years. The others have been lately established. The annual output is now 

 125,000 lbs. Milk is delivered twice a day, for which 70 cts. a hundred is paid, the 

 whey being returned to the patrons. The cheese sells at 11 and 12 cts. per lb. for 

 No. 1 and 9 and 10 cts. for No. 2. It is shipped principally to Southern markets. 

 Imitations of foreign kinds of cheese are not made in Kansas except in a very 

 limited way ; but a small amount of Swiss cheese is made at Enterprise." 



In conclusion the State dairy organizations are noted and an appen- 

 dix contains a list of the creameries and cheese factories in the 2 States. 



The dairy industry in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North 

 Dakota, J. H. Monrad (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Animal Industry 

 Bui. 16, pp. 21). — This bulletin reviews the status of the dairy industry 

 in these 3 States, the technical dairy instruction offered, the extent and 

 management of creameries and cheese factories, and statistics. 



