ENTOMOLOGY. 365 



ues during the month of May. The indications of its presence are 

 noted as follows: 



"This raspberry cane maggot attacks only the new shoots which appear in the 

 spring. The results of its work are very conspicuous, and raspberry growers can 

 thus easily determine if the insect is present in their fields. The tips of new shoots 

 attacked by the insect wilt and droop; the stem of the tip shrinks, turns dark blue 

 in color, and finally dies The wilted tip may lie easily broken off at a certain point. 

 ]i the shoot lie carefully examined at this point it will he found to have been girdled 

 by the insect from the inside; how this girdling is done will he described in telling 

 the life history of this pest. Sometimes a very vigorous shoot will continue its growth 

 from side buds, thus forming a branched cane, but usually the injury to the tip 

 results in the death of the whole shoot. In one case the terminal tip and the tips 

 of 3 of its side shoots had all been killed by the insect." 



The appearance of the insect is described, its name, history, distribu- 

 tion, food plants, and life history discussed. The hynienopterous 

 parasite, Indiasta incompleta, is noted as a natural enemy. The remedy 

 recommended is the cutting off and destruction of the tip of the plant 

 infected by the insect. 



The army worm in New York, M. V. Slingerland {New York 

 Cornell Sta. Hit!. 133, pp. 233-258, figs. 6). — It is stated that the most 

 serious outbreak of Leucania unipuncta known in the history of New 

 York occurred during 1896. Eeports were received of severe injuries 

 in 48 of the <!0 counties of the State. In nearly every case it was the 

 July brood that did the damage. The insect is described, its history 

 in North America briefly brought out, the manner in which the larvae 

 indicate their presence noted, as well as what they eat, and their 

 capacity for injury. Its life history is discussed at some length and 

 summarized briefly as follows: 



"The moths which may hibernate oviposit early and the caterpillars which hatch 

 from these eggs, augmented by the somewhat larger ones which were born late the 

 preceding fall and hibernated, form a May brood of worms that may possibly be 

 numerous enough some years to necessitate their marching to new feeding grounds. 

 The caterpillars of this first brood undergo their transformations through the pupa 

 stage to the adult insect or moth early in June, and the progeny of these moths 

 form a second and often injurious marching brood of the worms in the early part of 

 July. A third brood of the worms, which are rarely injurious, is developed in Sep- 

 tember, and the moths into which these transform may lay eggs from which will 

 hatch the young caterpillars that hibernate or some of the moths themselves may 

 hibernate and oviposit in the spring." 



Inasmuch as the appearance of a large number of the insect foes 

 occurs periodically, it is thought that no fear need be entertained of 

 this pest for some years to come. Concerning the uses that may be 

 made of infested fields, it is advised that infested crops of oats and 

 other grains be cut down and made into hay or put into the silo, and 

 that millet, Hungarian grass, or turnips be sowed upon infested fields 

 after these are well plowed, harrowed, rolled, and fertilized. Under the 

 head of natural enemies note is made of the red tail tachina fly ( Win- 

 themia 4-postulata). The customary remedial measures of furrows and 

 pits are noted. 



