378 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



intruded for breeding purposes, and lambs for market. Tbe results of investiga- 

 tions at several stations are quoted and summarized, aud practical deductions 'are 

 given. 



Pork production on crops gathered by hogs. A succession of crops for hogs, 

 R. L. Bennett (Arkansas Sta. Rpt. 1896, pp. 45-57). — A reprint from Bulletin 41 of 

 the station (E. S. R., 8, p. 17). 



Standard varieties of chickens, G. E. Howard ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Fanners' 1 Bui. 51, 

 pp. 48, figs. 42). — Descriptions, in most cases accompanied by cuts, are given of a large 

 number of breeds of cbickeus. 



Poultry keeping for profit, F. E. Hege (North Carolina Sta. Rpt. 1896, pp. 205-260, 

 figs. 40).— A reprint of Bulletin 130 of the station (E. S. R., 8, p. 720). 



Why not improve your poultry? F. E. Hege (North Carolina Sta. Rpt. 1896, 

 pp. 91-96),— A reprint of Bulletin 126 of the station (E. S. R., 8, p. 521). 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The cleaning of milk, Backhaus (Milch Ztg.,26 (1897), No. 23, pp. 

 357-359). — The author reports numerous experiments on the dirt in 

 milk and on the means of removing it. He found that the germ con- 

 tent was practically proportional to the amount of dirt. About one- 

 half of fresh cow dung dissolves in milk, so that it can not be estimated 

 by the determination of the amount of dirt. For the latter determina- 

 tion it is recommended to allow to settle and filter through glass wool. 

 Sieves and strainers were not found to clean the milk satisfactorily, 

 but cleaning by centrifuge was found satisfactory from a mechanical 

 and bacteriological standpoint. The bacteria pass into the separator 

 slime for the most part. The germ content of the milk examined 

 ranged from 302,000,000 per gram of ordinary milk to 1,013,000,000 in 

 dirty milk. The cream showed a higher bacteria content than the skim 

 milk. The disadvantage of cleaning by centrifuge is said to be that, 

 aside from being troublesome, the milk, thus treated does not throw up 

 as much cream, which causes customers to regard it as poorer in fat. 



Filtration through paper or through filter presses was not found 

 satisfactory. Filtering through sand removed the dirt but not the 

 bacteria. Filtering through cellulose was successful from both the 

 mechanical and bacteriological standpoint. The cellulose is only used 

 once. In conclusion the author says: "The fact that the impurities of 

 milk are largely dissolved and the undissolved portion is removed 

 either imperfectly or with great difficulty by any means at present 

 available shows the need of making every effort to reduce the impuri- 

 ties by careful milking and treatment." 



The influence of silage odors in the air on milk, F. H. King and 

 E. H. Farrington (Wisconsin Sta. Bid. 59, pp. .25-. 8). — To test the 

 strength of the objection frequently made against silage, and especially 

 against building silos in dairy barns, a series of observations were 

 made in 1894 upon the possibility of silage imparting a fiavor or odor to 

 milk and butter. 



"As a result of these observations it was demonstrated beyond question that when 

 silage is fed a short time before milking a sweetish odor is imparted to milk by 



