386 



EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The amount of water and ice required for cooling the cream is another 

 point greatly against the Radiator method. The following daily require- 

 ments of water of 10° 0. and of ice for this purpose are estimated by 

 the authors to be: Radiator, 1,900 kg. water, 145 kg. ice; sweet-cream 

 churning, 450 kg. water and 90 kg. ice; and sour cream churning, 675 

 kg. water and 70 kg. ice. — f. w. woll. 



A test of hand separators, H. Hayward {Pennsylvania Sta. Bui. 

 38, pp. 25). — This bulletin describes a test of the following hand sepa- 

 rators sent to the station for that purpose: Alpha Baby No. 3, Hum- 

 ming Bird No. 0, United States No. 5, United States Midget No. 7, 

 Mikado, Empire No. 5, and National. 



Trials were made in each case under what were considered favorable 

 and unfavorable conditions. The tests began March 18, 1890, and con- 

 tinued at intervals throughout the year, but no two separators were 

 tested at the same time. The cows were nearly all fresh at the begin- 

 ning of the test. Twelve tests were made with each machine, and the 

 results of these are tabulated and discussed. A summary follows: 



Summary of tests of hand separators. 



1 Not including the Humming Bird. 



"These trials show very little, if any, difference in completeness of skimming and 

 the total amount, of fat recovered in the cream hetween the different makes of sepa- 

 rators used in the test. 



"With one exception all the separators fulfilled the claims of their manufacturers 

 as to capacity and efficiency of skimming. 



"All the separators used in the trial did satisfactory work under a far wider range 

 of conditions than is recommended by the manufacturers. 



"Considerable difference seemed to exist between the various separators as to sub- 

 stantialness and durability. 



"The cheaper and newer machines did as efficient work in these trials as the older 

 and more expensive ones." 



