ENTOMOLOGY. 463 



less; that the best remedial measures are destroying the infested fruit, 

 stirring up the ground beneath the trees or drenching it with kerosene 

 to kill the larva' and pupa?, covering the trees just before fruit ripen- 

 ing with fine netting, decoying the flies from fruit trees by exposing 

 small quantities of fruit, and Governmental repressive measures. 



Report of the entomologist, M. H. Beokwith (Delaware 8ta. 

 Bpt. 1890, pp. 112-131). — The author speaks very briefly of the injuries 

 done during the year by the fruit bark beetle (Scolytus riujulosus), 

 catalpa sphinx moth (Sphinx catalpa), imported currant worm (Nematus 

 ventricosus), chestnut weevil (Balaninus carytrypes), cockroaches (Peri- 

 planeta pennsylvanica and Blatta germanica), imbricated snout beetle 

 (Epicosrus imbricatus), and the San Jose scale. An application of 

 arsenate of soda at the rate of 1 oz. to 5 gal. of water was made as a 

 remedy against the larva? of the catalpa sphinx moth, but it was found 

 to injure the foliage as well as the worms. A solution of one-half the 

 strength employed, it is thought, would have accomplished the object 

 without injuring the foliage. A preparation known as Insectoline 

 was employed successfully against cockroaches. 



A considerable portion of the author's time during the year was 

 taken up with the study of the San Jose scale. Some 115 orchards, 

 including a number of nurseries, were visited, and an endeavor made 

 to trace the history of the scale in the State. As a result it was found 

 that the scale was first introduced into the State at 2 widely separated 

 places on crab apple and plum trees purchased from the Pomona nurs- 

 eries in 1891; and that since that time infested trees have continued 

 to be brought in from this and the Lovett nurseries, so that now there 

 are 13 different infected localities in the State. 



The remedies used at the various places found to be infected were 

 kerosene emulsion, the application of sludgite with a brush, whale oil 

 soap, the winter resin wash, and in one case burning the infected trees. 

 The successful remedies are said to be (1) the application of a hot mix- 

 ture of whale-oil soap and water, in which there was not less than 2i lbs. 

 of soap to each gallon of water; (2) the winter resin wash, composed of 

 120 lbs. of resin, 30 lbs. of caustic soda, 15 lbs. of fish oil, and sufficient 

 water to make 100 gals.; and (3) hydrocyanic-acid gas. 



The remainder of the report is devoted to the status of the San Jose 

 scale in the United States, in which the author goes briefly over the 

 history of the insect; hydrocyanic-acid gas for destroying the San Jose 

 scale; and notes on the treatment of the San Jose scale, concluding 

 with the statement that it is of very little use to attempt to treat scale- 

 infested trees when covered with foliage, but that as soon as the foli- 

 age has fallen a thorough treatment with a hot solution of whale oil 

 soap and water is advisable. 



Life history of Sesia stelidiformis, F. Tomcla ( Verhandl. Jc. l\ zool. 

 hot. Gesell. Wien,47(1897), No. 6, pp. 420-422).— From the author's studies 

 at Buda Pesth it appears that Euphorbia epithytnoides forms the food 



