AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. G15 



following- number of hours were given up to the various studies in the 

 2 years' course : First year — natural history, 122; arithmetic, 153; com- 

 position, 259; total, 534; second year — natural history, 30; arithmetic, 

 86; composition, 57; agriculture, 134; animal husbandry, 50; veterinary 

 science, 05; farriery, 9; drawing, 40; forestry, 30; surveying, 05; agri- 

 cultural law, 18; farm bookkeeping, 76; total, 600. 



In addition the students took part in all practical work on the farm, 

 in the field, barn, and stable, composting manure, threshing, tile-draining, 

 grabbing, gardening, harvesting ice, road repairing, forestry work, etc., 

 equivalent to 13,500 hours work for one man. 



The faculty is composed of a director, a veterinarian, and a "third 

 teacher," besides registrar, bookkeeper, farm superintendent, dairy- 

 woman, mechanic, and gardener. The estate consists of about 5,000 

 acres, 1,200 of which are under cultivation and 110 acres in pastures. 

 The students are in general graduates of the Finnish common schools 

 or high schools. 



The second intermediate agricultural school in Finland, at Harjus, 

 was opened for instruction in 1889. Like the preceding school it has 

 2 distinct departments, a semi-elementary course in agriculture lasting 

 2 years, and a theoretical winter course running through 2 seasons. 

 Twenty scholarships are offered in the former course and additional 

 pupils are accepted up to the capacity of the school, 30 being in attend- 

 ance in 1893-'94. The winter course was frequented by 34 pupils during 

 the same year. This course is limited to 40 pupils, all of whom have 

 free instruction, rooms, and board. The plan of instruction given is 

 more along theoretical lines and is more advanced than that followed 

 at the elementary agricultural schools. 



The daily program of these schools is interesting. At Kronoborg the 

 recitations in the 2 year course are held from 6 to 8 o'clock in the 

 morning and evening during the winter semester and during a few 

 weeks in October. At Harjus the plan is as follows : 5 a. m., rising hour; 

 6 to 8, recitations; 8 to 9, breakfast; 9 to 2 p. m., practical farm or 

 dairy work; 2 to 3, dinner; 3 to 6, study hours; 6 to 8, recitations; 

 8 to 9, sapper ; 10, bed time. The students working in the cow or horse 

 stable, this work coming by rotation, rise at 4 a. m. In summer all the 

 students rise at 4 a. in., begin work at 5 a. m., and finish work at 8 

 p. ro., having 2 hours for meals and retiring at 10 p. m. 



A third school with similar plan of instruction is held at Mustiala 

 Agricultural Institute, being a distinct department thereof. This 

 school will be referred to later. 



These schools, as most other Finnish agricultural educational insti- 

 tutions, for a number of years past have been entirely unable to accom- 

 modate all the young men who have applied for admission. The number 

 of applicants for 203 places in 1893-'94 was 572; in single instances the 

 number applying for admission was five times the number that could 

 be accommodated. To provide for this larger number of students, 6 



