674 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



is a failure outnumber those who think the contrary. From his own experience he 

 concludes that if anyone must feed back he had best do so in the spring so as to 

 hasten brood rearing and at the proper time put on the sections; but he does not 

 think the practice will pay in the long run since it is on the principle of producing 

 two crops to get one. 



Preparing honey for the market, G. M. Doolittle (Amer. Bee Jour., 37 (1897), 

 No. 34, pp. 529-530). — It is recommended that honey should be kept in a dry room 

 where the temperature will be sufficient to ripen it (85 to 90°). This high tem- 

 perature will cause the eggs of the moths to hatch, if there are any, so that daily 

 inspection of the sections will enable one to discover and destroy the larva'. This 

 may be done by sulphur fumes. 



The new Hoffman frame for 1897, E. R. Root ( Amer. Bee Jour., 37 (1897), No. 9, 

 p. 132, figs. 7, from Gleanings in Bee Culture). — In this new frame the ends of the top 

 bars are so constructed and hung as to allow bee spaces all around them. End play 

 is prevented by small staples driven in just below the top bar and striking against 

 the rabbet as the frames hang in position. In such a device the trouble from 

 propolis is reduced to a minimum so that the frames may be handled easily without 

 the aid of a pry. 



Some advantages of a bee space, W. C. Gatiiiught ( Amer. Brc Jour., 37 (1897), 

 No. 36, pp. 562, 563). — This article is an answer to an article defending the non-use 

 of bee spaces at the ends of frames. A bee space serves a good purpose when one 

 has to handle a large number of bees and time is valuable. Further, in warm 

 weather such spaces are an aid in ventilation. 



Injurious insects in Norway, 1896, W. M. Schoyen (Aarsber. Offent. Foranst. 

 Landbr. Fremme, 1896, pp. 61-116). — The illustrated report of the State entomologist 

 of Norway for the year 1896. 



The ox warble, C. L. Marlatt ( U. S. Dept. Arjr., Division of Entomology Circ. 25, 

 2. ser., pp. 10, figs. 10). — The author discusses popularly the general characteristics 

 and origin of the ox warble, Jlgpocbrma lineata, contrasting it with the warble fly, 

 Hi/podermis hovis, of Europe. He states that it has been estimated that the damages 

 shown in the depreciation in the value of hides has amounted to as much as $500,000, 

 to which is to be added the depreciation in the quality of beef in infected animals. 

 Miss Ormerod is quoted as authority for the estimate that the warble of Europe 

 causes damages amounting to from £2,000,000 to £7,000,000 per annum. The life 

 history and habits are described somewhat at length and the common remedies, 

 known from the time of Pliny to the present, of smearing strong smelling oils and 

 fats on the animal to prevent the fly from depositing its eggs as well as to kill the 

 larva' in their final stages noted. The method of removing the grubs by means of 

 tweezers is thought best. 



Notes on certain Coleoptera known to attack the Gypsy moth (Agr. Massa- 

 chusetts, 1S96, ]>)>. 412-433, ph. 3). — The author discusses the local distribution of 

 Calisoma and Ilarpalns and the habits of several species of the former genus. The 

 insects were reared in cages and in jars with about 2 in. of earth at the bottom and 

 covered with muslin held in place by rubber bands — a pair of beetles being placed 

 in each jar — and in a box 24 by 5 in. in size sunk in the ground. None of the methods 

 proved thoroughly satisfactory, but eggs were finally obtained from specimens in the 

 jars. From these the author was linally able to learn that the egg stage of Calisoma 

 frigidum lasts from 4 to 10 days, the second larval stage from 4 to 11 days, and the 

 third larval stage about 21 days, and that the egg stage in C. callidum lasts about 11 

 days; the first, second, and third larval stages 7, 7, and 30 days, respectively. 



The two lined chestnut borer, F. II. Chittenden ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Division of 

 Entomology Circ. .'/, 2. ser., pp. 8, fig. 1). — This is a recompilation of matter relating to 

 Agrilua bilineatus that appeared in Bulletin 7, n. ser., of the Division of Entomology 

 (E. S. R., 9, p. 669), with the addition of some new matter. The insect is noted as 

 having been reported from the District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, Illinois, 

 Y\ isconsin, and Michigan, and as being probably dangerous in parts of Maryland, 



