AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. 711 



Finland. The courses given at both places are practical as well as 

 theoretical, and last one year. At Ribe, Denmark, a dairy school giving 

 5-month and 3-month courses in dairying is in operation, and at least 

 two of the elementary agricultural schools, Dalum and Ladelnnd, give 

 quite complete elementary dairy courses. It is, however, somewhat 

 strange to note that Denmark, whose dairy industry is of such vast 

 importance and has made such remarkable progress during the past 

 20 years, has no dairy instituteor school offering comprehensive advanced 

 instruction in the science and practice of dairying. The course of 

 lectures in dairying given at the Eoyal Veterinary and Agricultural 

 College by Prof. T. R. Segelcke, the father of modern dairying in Scan- 

 dinavia, includes 100 to 120 lectures, besides quizzes, the course being 

 given to the agricultural students proper in their senior year. These 

 lectures have been attended by nearly all teachers of dairying in the 

 Scandinavian countries and Finland since the beginning of the sev- 

 enties, at least by all present leaders in the dairy movement in these 

 countries. Of almost as much importance, and perhaps more so, as far 

 as Denmark is concerned, have been the 2-month to 3-month courses in 

 practical dairying given under Professor Segelcke's direction at a large 

 number of first-class creameries in different parts of Denmark. These 

 courses have been attended by 1,048 students since their inception 

 in 1SG4. 



The elementary dairy schools in the other Scandinavian countries are 

 as follows: In Norway, 10 — 3 for men (Brandbo, Hegre, and Stokke), 

 7 for women (Sande, Stange, Ganpen, < istenso, Vefsen, Orlandet, and 

 Orsten); length of courses 1.4 years. In Sweden, 19 — 3 dairy schools 

 ( Robert sfo is. Iiusa, and Borjkfors), and 10 •■ dairy stations" (Berga, 

 Bjerka-Siiby, Aakerstad, Rjodeniis, Hvilan, Ranuum, Kilagarden, 

 Okull, Frugarden. Knistad, Torestorp, Rottneros, Trystorp, Stjernsuud, 

 Hedensberg, and Niis) ; length of courses 2 years. In Finland, 17 — 14 

 two-year schools (Myrans, Wiurila, Aittamaki, Haga, Pekkala, Jar- 

 vikylii, Hovila, Simananniemi, Koivikko, Peltosalini, Mattila, Orisberg, 

 Klaresund, and Ruona), 3 one-year schools (Koivikko, Oulais, and 

 Mnstiala), also 2 herdsmen's schools (Saksala and Lofsta). " 



The special horticultural and other schools are as follows: In Norway, 

 2 (Aas and Sandnas); in Sweden, 1 (Alnarp); in Finland, 5 (Helsing- 

 fors, Koristo, Kuppis, Kuopio, Haapavesi); in Denmark, 2 (Vilvorde 

 and Beder). The forestry schools are: Norway, 2 (Kongsberg and 

 Stenkjar); Finland, 1 (Evois). And the farriery schools are 1 each in 

 Sweden (Alnarp) and Denmark (Copenhagen) and 3 in Finland (Hel- 

 singfors, Aabo, and Wiborg). 



INSTITUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTIGATION. 



The work done in the line of agricultural research in the Scandina- 

 vian countries and Finland offers perhaps less of importance to out- 

 siders than the system of agricultural education found there. The 

 1377 7— No. 8 -2 



