AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. 713 



and of systems of rotations at Aas, and at a number of farms in differ- 

 ent parts of Norway, thus giving varying conditions as to soil, climate, 

 treatment, etc. The experiments in progress during 1896 were con- 

 ducted in 12 different places and included the following series of trials : 

 Potatoes (English, German, and Norwegian varieties) 12 series, barley 

 12 series, oats 16, clover seed 13, lupines 6, infective trials on lupines 

 21, sugar beets 6, miscellaneous crops 6. The station furnishes the 

 seed and sends an assistant to sow it and to harvest the crops, while the 

 different farmers prepare the soil, take care of the crop during the grow- 

 ing period, and have the crops, minus the small quantities wanted for 

 samples. The assistants have free room and board at the farms while 

 doing the work of the station. The size of the plats are as follows: 

 Oats 28.5 by 42 meters; barley and winter grains 28.5 by 28.5 ; hay 

 crops — grasses and clovers 20.5 by 49; lupines 32 by 65; potatoes, 

 turnips, etc., 12.5 by 47; and sugar beets 9 by 70 meters. 



The station receives 10,000 crowns (|2,680) annually from the Society 

 for Norway's Weal, but has no State aid. The results of the work 

 done are published in the annual report of the Secretary of Agricul- 

 ture and in contributions to the agricultural press (E. S. R., 6, p. 543; 

 8, p. 118). The station staff consists of a director, first assistant, and a 

 number of traveling assistants. 



The chemical department of Aas Agricultural College, practically 

 without any funds set apart for investigational purposes, has, never- 

 theless, been able to publish considerable work in this line. 1 



Mill' control stations are established at Christiania, Trondhjem, and 

 Bergen. Creameries and individual farmers have an opportunity to 

 send in samples of milk for the determination of the fat content, the 

 charges being 10 ore (2.7 cents) per single sample or 5 ore in large 

 numbers. The first two stations were established in 1894, and the 

 third in 1896. During 1895 the stations in Christiania and Trondhjem 

 examined 16,600 and 12,943 samples of milk, respectively, about 95 per 

 cent of the samples coming from creameries. The average percentage 

 of fat in the creamery samples in 1895 was 3.44 for Christiania and 3.41 

 for Trondhjem. De Laval's butyrometer is used for making the tests. 

 The stations have no officers except a superintendent. The annual 

 State appropriation is 2 > 500 crowns (1676) for each station. 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN SWEDEN. 



Sweden has 7 chemical stations, largely supported by the Government. 

 Four of these were established in 1876, one in 1881, and two in 1885. 

 They received a State appropriation of 3,000 crowns ($811) each per 

 year until 1888, when the appropriation for the 4 older stations was 

 increased to 4,000 crowns ($1,081), and the following year this was 

 extended to all the stations. In addition the various county agricul- 

 tural societies give annual grants ranging in 1895 from 950 to 4,650 



1 E. S. R.,4, pp. 517, 783; 5, pp. 958,1017; 6, pp. 199, 250, 475, 927, 1023 ; 7, p. 979; 8, 

 p. 122. 



