762 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



distance into the wood, but had not affected the periderm, so there was 

 no external indication of its presence except that the affected portions 

 bad not kept up in growth with the rest of the tree. The cortex in the 

 diseased part was brownish yellow and moist and possessed an offensive 

 odor. A somewhat similar appearance was presented by the wood. 

 During the spring of 1896 it was found that many more trees had been 

 attacked, and before the end of the summer 14 out of 93 had been 

 killed. So far as known, cutting out the diseased parts has prevented 

 the spread of the fungus, but it is too early to make any definite state- 

 ments on this point. It is stated that external injuries do not appear 

 necessary for the entrance of the canker spores. In a large number of 

 cases the disease was present when no visible injury could be found, 

 while instances of bark injury with no infection were quite numerous. 

 This observation tends somewhat to discredit the view that canker is 

 necessarily a wound parasite. 



Some diseases of orchard and garden fruits, A. D. Selby (Ohio 

 Sta. Bui. 79, pp. 97-141, pis. 'J, figs. 9). — Descriptive notes are given of 

 diseases on the gooseberry, raspberry, blackberry, plum, cherry, pear, 

 quince, and apple. Among the diseases of currants and gooseberries 

 the leaf spot and powdery mildew are briefly described, and also the 

 anthracnose of raspberries and blackberries. The red rust of black- 

 berries, leaf spot, a bacterial disease, and crown gall are discussed. 

 The bacterial disease has been determined as due to the same cause 

 as pear blight. The effects are usually visible as brownish dark 

 patches extending around the cane near the surface of the ground. 

 When plantations are seriously affected the canes should be burned. 

 The crown gall of raspberries is said to cause considerable loss. The 

 galls are considered as mostly due to attacks of nematodes. The means 

 for the prevention of this trouble seems to be the destruction of all 

 affected stock, and at the same time care must be taken that other 

 susceptible plants should not be contaminated. 



Among the diseases of plum and cherry described are the rot, plum 

 pockets, scab, black knot, shot hole fungus, mildew, and a twig disease 

 accompanied with a gum flow. This disease apparently begins in the 

 region of the buds, which are destroyed and a small dead area formed 

 in the axil of the leaf or at the side of the leaf scar. From this dead 

 area there is usually an exudation of gum, from which fact the disease 

 has been termed gummosis. A similarly diseased condition of the 

 peach is also reported, and both are to be the subject of further study. 



The blight, leaf spot, crowu gall, and black rot of pears and quinces 

 are described and suggestions given for their prevention. Among the 

 diseases of apples treated are apple scab, sooty fungus, bitter rot, 

 brown spot, sun scald, and crown gall. The causes of these diseases, 

 so far as known, are described and suggestions given for their pre- 

 vention. 



Anthracnose of the black raspberry, W. Paddock {New York 

 State Sta. Bui. 124, pp. 261-274, Jig. 1).— This bulletin gives an account 



