DISEASES OF PLANTS. 763 



of experiments conducted for 3 years in combating anthracnose of the 

 black raspberry. While the treatment was successful in preventing 

 the disease upon the new canes, the increased yield of fruit did not 

 warrant the expense. The use of healthy plants and short rotation of 

 crops, together with the protection of the new shoots by spraying them 

 in the spring when about 6 in. high with Bordeaux mixture, followed 

 by 2 other applications at intervals of 10 to 14 days, and the removal of 

 all the old canes and badly diseased new ones as soon as the fruiting 

 season is over, is recommended by the author as the best means for 

 combating this disease. 



Detailed accounts are given of the experiments conducted at differ- 

 ent places, the results of the treatments being tabulated. The canes 

 of different lots were sprayed before the leaf buds opened with copper 

 sulphate solution and with iron sulphate solution, followed by 3 spray- 

 ings of Bordeaux mixture. The results seemed to indicate a slight 

 advantage in favor of the use of iron sulphate as a preliminary 

 treatment. 



Field experiments to determine the dependence of bacterial 

 gummosis of sugar beets on conditions of -weather and soils, 

 P. Sorauee (Bl. ZuclcerrUbenbau, 4 {1897 ), p. 81; abs. in Gentbl. Bald. 

 v. Par., 2. AM., 3 (1897), No. 19-20, p. 535).— The inoculation experi- 

 ments of the author are briefly mentioned in which the bacterial origin 

 of the disease known as gummosis was established. Other experiments 

 on a more extended scale are here reported, in which it is stated that 

 sugar beets are especially liable to the disease when overmanured, 

 especially when too much nitrate of potash, lime, and sulphate of 

 ammonia are applied to the soil. The application of large amounts of 

 nonnitrogenous fertilizers seemed to be without effect on the crop, so far 

 as producing disease was concerned. Sufficient water during growth 

 is essential, a long, dry, hot spell of weather beiug very conducive to 

 the disease. 



As preventive measures to be adopted, the author recommends atten- 

 tion to the water supply, by irrigation if necessary, and the application 

 of phosphoric acid to the soil. 



Notes on the diseases of bulbs of Crocus sativus, E. Koze 

 (Gompt. Rend Acad. 8ci. Paris, 125 {1897), Wo. 19, pp. 780-782). — The 

 author mentions the diseases of Crocus sativus which are due to Rhi- 

 zoctonia violacea and Tyroglyphus feculae, and describes another disease 

 of the bulbs which is said to be due to Saccharomyces croci, a new spe- 

 cies. The cells of this yeast are ordinarily spherical, colorless, from 

 2 to 6 // in diameter, and spore bearing. In water they are usually 

 elliptical and carry 2 polar spores. 



Experiments in the treatment of fungus diseases of fruit and 

 potatoes, H. H. Lamson (New Hampshire Sta. Bid. 45, pp. 45-56, figs. 

 ■i). — Popular notes are given on the scab of apple and pear, sooty 

 disease of apples, black rot of plums, and blights and scab of potatoes, 

 together with suggestions for prevention of the same. 



