ENTOMOLOGY. 775 



make 1 lb. of wax but only about 6; and, further, the process of wax formation goes 

 on continually and when foundation is used the small scales of wax accumulate as 

 rubbish on the floor of the hive. 



Simmins is quoted as stating that 1 lb. of wax, costing less than 1 shilling 6 pence, 

 tills 8 standard frames with finished comb. To do this with foundation, 11 lbs. are 

 required, costing at least 2 shillings 6 pence. 



The Danzen-Baker hive (Amer. Bee Jour., 37 (1897), JVo. 10, pp. 145, 146, figs. 10).— 

 The main difference from the 10-frame Langstroth hi\e consists in the hive body 

 being If in. deeper and in the arrangement of the frames, etc. The brood frames are 

 closed at the bottom, 7A by 10 in. in size, and suspended upon a pivot in the middle 

 of the end piece, which allows their being reversed. The super contains 8 hold- 

 ers of four 4 by 5 sections each. These sections are open-cornered — a device which, 

 it is claimed, causes them to be tilled out and to look better and bring as much as 

 2 cts. per pound more. The separators are of cleated slats. < (utside of the sections 

 is an air space and over them a layer of paraffin paper held down beneath and cov- 

 ered by several layers of newspapers. In the brood chamber there is also a dead 

 air space about the frame. 



Tunis from the point of view of honey production, T. B. Blow I Rev. Internat. 

 Apieult., 10 (1897), No. 8, j>. 139-142). — According to the author, in certain districts of 

 Algiers rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and heather (Erica multijlora) form much 

 the most abundant forage plants and produce great quantities of honey of extra line 

 quality. They are succeeded by Calicotome villosa, Thymus munidicus, etc., and spe- 

 cies of cistus. The average production of honey per colony is taken to be 25 kilos, 

 which, for 1,000 colonies, worth 25,000 francs, and allowing 35 per cent for care and 

 15 per cent for interest, gives an annual profit of 50 per cent. 



Mosquitoes and fleas, L. O. Howard ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Division of Entomology 

 Circ. 13, 2. scr., pp. 5). — This is a revised edition (E. S. R., 8, p. (51). Since; the publi- 

 cation of the original edition 9 species of mosquitoes have been noted as occurring 

 within the United States, thus raising the number recorded to 30. 



The army worm and wheat fly, C. V>. Wai.drox (NortJi Dakota Sta. Rpt. 1896, pp. 

 20-22). — Notes that the army worm (Leucania unipuncta) did considerable damage in 

 Pembina and Walsh counties during 1896; and also a general attack on wheat fields 

 by an insect that is either the Hessian fly or frit fly. The latter insect has never 

 been noticed in the State in such numbers as during 1896. 



Recent observations on the cecidomyid galls of the larches, C. vox Tubf.uf 

 (Forstl. Naturw. Ztschr., 6 (1897), pp. 224-229, figs. .'; rev. in Zool. Centbl., 4 (1897), Xo. 

 26, p. 919). — Cecidomyid galls were found in the neighborhood of Munich on the 

 flower buds of the larch. The morphological changes produced in the tissues were 

 very peculiar. 



The contest with the phylloxera, E. Buoxox (Chron. Agr., Canton land, 9 

 (1896), Xo. 11, pn. 263-271). — Report from the Canton of Vaud to the Grand Council. 



The contest with the phylloxera in the Canton of Vaud in 1895, J. Dufour 

 (Chron. Agr. Canton Vaud, 9 (1896), Xo. 13, pp. 315-318). — During the year the insect 

 was found in 4 new parishes. A total of 2,028 grape stocks were infested and a total 

 area of 41,350 square meters destroyed. 



The phylloxera and American vines, J. Dufour (Chron. Agr. Canton Vaud, 10 

 (1897), Xos. 12, pp. 331-337 ; 13, 370-373). — An extract from the report of the Viti- 

 cultural Station at Lausanne for 1896. Among other things it is noted that the cost 

 of visiting various vineyards aggregating 6,600 hectares amounted to about $3,550, 

 and required the services of 427 men; that 9 new places of infestation were discov- 

 ered, and that the grape stocks attacked by the phylloxera numbered 11,958 ; and that 

 35,169 square meters of vineyard surface were destroyed. 



Contrasting this with previous years, it is noted that in 1892, 839 grape stocks were 

 attacked and 5,490 square meters of vineyard surface were destroyed; that these 



13777— Xo. 8 b" 



