WATER — SOILS. 



Soil temperatures at different depths, by months. 



819 



Aas Agricultural College. 



1893 



November . 

 December.. 



1894 



January ... 

 February .. 



March 



April 



May 



June 



July 



August 



September. 

 October 



Air 

 tempera- 

 ture. 



Deg. C. 



—3.0 

 - .5 



—2.0 



—1.9 



1.2 



4.7 

 8.6 

 15.1 

 17.7 

 13.4 

 8.7 

 2.0 



Soil temperatures at depths 

 of— 



J meter, J meter. 1 meter 



Deg. G. 



0.9 



— .2 



— .4 



— .9 

 .0 



4.3 

 9.6 

 13.9 

 17.7 

 15.9 

 11.4 

 6.2 



Deg. O. 



1.9 



.5 



— .1 



— . 1 



— .1 

 3.1 

 8.4 



12.5 

 16.7 

 15.7 

 11.8 

 6.9 



Deg. C. 

 4.8 

 2.9 



2.2 

 1.9 

 1.8 

 3.4 

 8.1 

 11.5 

 15.4 

 15.0 

 13.3 

 10.2 



Jdnsberg Agricultural School. 



Air 



tempera- 

 ture. 



Deg. G. 

 0.0 



.0 



—2.9 

 —3. 1 



— .4 

 4.1 

 6.8 



13.7 

 17.1 

 12. 9 

 6.6 



— .4 



Soil temperatures at depths 

 of— 



\ meter. \ meter. I meter 



Deg. C 



0.0 



.0 



-l.:: 



3.0(.') 

 - .7 

 .5 

 6.4 

 13.6 

 16.3 

 14.0 

 9.5 

 4.7 



/'<-.,. G. 

 O.o 



.0 



- .5 

 1.5(f) 



.6 



- .1 

 5.3 



10. 6 

 1 :.. 2 

 13.9 



9.8 



5.6 



Deg. G. 

 0.0 

 .0 



.5 



.3 

 3. G 



8.2 

 12.3 

 12.8 

 10.3 



7.2 



Both places of observation are in the interior of the country, Jonsberg 

 being- situated about 80 miles north of Aas. — P. w. woll. 



Soil temperatures, W. S. Sweetser (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1896, 

 pp. 230-237, 274-297). — Tridaily observations during the growing season 

 (Apr.-Sept.) of 189G, with thermometers at the surface and at depths 

 of from 1 to 24 in., are recorded. The following is a summary of the 

 observations: 



Soil temperature*, April to September, 1S96. 



Depth. 



Highest. 



Lowest. 



Deg. F. 

 27 (Apr. 3) 



Deg. F. 



At surface 92 (Aug. 15, Sept. 11) 



1 in. deep 84 (Aug. 11.15) 30 (Apr. 4) 



3 in. deep : 83 (Aug. 11) 32 (Apr. 3.4,5,6) 



6 in. deep 80 (Aug. 9, 11) 32 (Apr., 8 days) 



12 in. deep 77 (Aug. 11, 12) 32.5 (Apr.3,4,5) 



24 in. deep 72.5 (Aug. 12. 13) 33.5 (Apr. 1,2, 3,4, 5) .. 



t\„i Mian 



mearf (hlil > 

 ""•"'■ range. 



Deg.F. Deg. F. 

 64.9 12.11 



64.0 

 64.3 

 63.8 

 62.6 

 60.7 



8.21 

 6. 33 

 4.06 

 1 . 50 

 .30 



I ; reatest daily 

 range 



Deg. /•'. 

 26 (An-. 30). 

 19 (June 3). 

 12.5 (Aug. 15). 

 9.5 (Apr. 13). 

 4.5 (Apr. 13). 

 1.5 iJuii 



Influence of the humidity of the soil on the development of 

 flax, 1). N". Pryanishnikov and R. G.Trube (Izv. Moscow SeUkokhoz. 

 Inst, 8 (1897), II, pp. 49-51). — The object of this experiment was to note, 

 in addition to the size of the yield, the influence of the humidity on the 

 form of the plant, character of branching, and the correlation in the 

 development of the roots, stalks, and grain. Twenty-four«experiments, 

 divided into 4 groups, with 20, 40, 60, and 80 per cent of the maximum 

 water capacity of the soil, were made. At the beginning of the experi- 

 ment the watering was done .once a day, but later, when the plants 

 began to evaporate more energetically, they were watered 2 or 3 times 

 a day. The differences observed in the yield were not great. This is 

 ascribed to the fact that the frequent watering (2 to 3 times a day) 

 enabled the plants, though .growing under different degrees of humid- 

 ity, to evaporate nearly equal quantities of water. — P. fireman. 



