HORTICULTURE. 841 



Improvement of the sand cherry, Prunus pumila, J. Craig (Canada Expt. 

 Farms Rpts. 1896, pp. 123, 124, figs. 2 ).— A brief note. 



Olive culture in California, H. G. Tinsley (Bui. Dir. Agr. et Com., 12 (1897), No. 

 5, pp. 297-301). 



Relative hardiness of fruit buds of peaches and plums, .1 . Craig (Canada Expt. 

 Farms Rpts. 1S96, pp. 153-158). — The results of an investigation to ascertain the rela- 

 tive amount of winter injury sustained by various varieties of peaches and plums 

 throughout Ontario are given, together with a brief discussion of the effect of frost 

 on vegetable tissue. A preliminary and tentative grouping of the varieties accord- 

 ing to the hardiness of their fruit buds is given. 



Pears, plums, and cherries, J .Craig ( Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1896, pp. 135-141).— 

 Tables are given showing the varieties of pears, plums, and cherries planted at the 

 central experimental farm since 1888 ; the varieties living, the varieties dead, and 

 the causes of their death. 



The peach industry in Pennsylvania, G. C. Butz (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1896, 

 pp. 85-111, pis. 2, fi(js. 14).— A reprint of Bulletin 37 of the station (E. S. R., 9, p. 

 351). 



Report on fruits at Huntington, E. A. Bennett ( West Virginia Sta. Rpt. 1893, 

 pp. 19-21). — Notes on apples, cherries, grapes, Russian fruits, and pecans. 



Fruit notes, T. A. Sharpe (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1S96, pp. 443-458).— Descrip- 

 tive notes are given on a large number of varieties of the various fruits grown at 

 the experimental farm for British Columbia. 



Seedling fruits, J. Craig (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1896, pp. 111-146).— Informa- 

 tion regarding 31 varieties of seedling apples, 6 of plums, 2 of peaches, and 1 each 

 of gooseberries and currants. A number of the more promising seedlings are given 

 a more extended description. 



Pruning deciduous fruit trees, T. H. Ramsay (Pacific Tree and Vine, 14 (1898), 

 No. 47, pp. 138,139). 



A new grafting machine, F. A. Waugh ( Vermont Sta. Rpt. lS96-'97, pp. 122, 123, 

 fig. 1). — A test of a new grafting device invented in France is reported. 



Root killing of fruit trees, J. Craig (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1896, pp. 147- 

 153).— A discussion of the use of hardy stocks and cover crops to prevent winter kill- 

 ing of the roots of trees and a record of results obtained with various stocks and 

 cover crops. Mammoth clover gave the best results as a cover crop. Alfalfa and 

 crimson clover were next best. Cowpeas and soy beans were of little use. 



Mulching to retard blossoming of large and small fruits, J. Craig ( Canada Expt. 

 Farms Rpts. 1S96, pp. 158-160, fins. 2). — Apples, cherries, plunis, gooseberries, currants, 

 and strawberries of various varieties were mulched with strawy manure about March 

 15, when the ground was deeply frozen and covered with 8 to 12 in. of snow. Others 

 of the same varieties were left unmulched for comparison. A table is given compar- 

 ing the time of leafing and blossoming of the mulched and unmulched plants. The 

 mulch did not retard leafing and blossoming, except in the case of the strawberries, 

 the tops of which were of course covered. The author concludes that keeping the 

 roots frozen does not affect the time of leafing and blossoming of plants whose tops 

 are unprotected. 



Experiments in cross-fertilizing to produce fruits suitable for the Canadian 

 Northwest, W. Saunders (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1S96, pp. 61-66, figs. 4). — Notes 

 on the progress of work in originating hardy varieties of fruits. 



Cranberries, J. Craig (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1896, pp. 120-122, fig. ;?).— Notes 

 on cranberries and cranberry culture in Canada. 



Raspberries, J. Craig (Canada Expt. Farms Rj)ts. 1896, pp. 118, 119, fig. 1). — An 

 experiment with 17 varieties of red raspberries is reported. Plants that were given 

 winter protection by covering with soil were less injured by winterkilling and 

 yielded more than unprotected plants. Summer pruning, pinching back when 15 

 to 20 in. high, decreased the yield. 



1643G— No. 9 4 



