DISEASES OF PLANTS. 851 



ease is externally manifest by circular depressions on the surface of the 

 apple. On removing the skin each depression is found to be the center 

 of a small area of dryish brown tissue. The affected flesh is dry and 

 without flavor, but not bitter. Some varieties seem to be more severely 

 attacked than others, and, while the fruit is not wholly unfit for use, 

 its appearance and salability are greatly affected. The disease is 

 compared with several other of the better known diseases of apples, 

 and is thought to be distinct from them. The specific cause of the dis- 

 ease is in some doubt, it having been attributed to a species ot 

 Dothidea, while others consider it a fruiting form of Fusicladium den- 

 driticum. The life history of the disease is a subject for further 

 investigation. 



Apple and pear blight, J. Craig {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1896, 

 pp. 168-171).— Brief notes are given descriptive of the apple and pear 

 blight, together with suggested remedies, which consist in removing 

 diseased branches and spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The spray- 

 ing alone has been tried without success. A tabulated report is given 

 on the resistance to blight of about 140 varieties of Russian apples in 

 an orchard at Ottawa. The record covers the years 1893 to 1895, inclu- 

 sive, and shows a considerable variation in the resistant power with the 

 different varieties, and the same variety in different seasons. 



Spraying, J. Craig (Canada Expt. Fauns Rpts. 1896, pp. 173-175, 

 fig. 1). — A report is given on experiments conducted with various com- 

 binations of fungicides and insecticides with a view to preventing the 

 cracking of pears and injury by the late brood of codling moth. The 

 fruit of both sprayed and un sprayed trees was uniformly free from fungus 

 attacks and no results were gained in this respect. The spraying mix- 

 tures used were solutions of arsenate of lead, lysol, copper carbonate, 

 and Paris green. The fruit of one Bartlett tree of each series which 

 had been sprayed twice with each mixture was picked and graded, and 

 it was found that the tree sprayed with lysol gave the largest percent- 

 age of sound fruit. 



These experiments gave results somewhat contrary to those of the 

 previous year, especially in respect to the use of arsenate of lead, and 

 are to be repeated. Notes are also given on the injury to apples by 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture, and directions are given for its 

 prevention. 



The fungus foes of the farmer, B. D. Halsted (Pennsylvania Dept. Agr. Bui. 28, 

 j)p. 19, figs. 6). — Brief popular notes are given of the more common and destructive 

 diseases of farm crops, root crops, vegetahles, and orchard and small fruits. 



Three years' experience with club root, B. D. Halsted (Amer. Gard., 19 

 (189S), No. 162, p. 74, fig. 1). 



Potato scab, Schellexberger (Finding's Landw. Ztg., 46 (1897), No. 22, p. 651). 



Diseases of the Irish potato, R. H. Price (Texas Sta. Bui. 42, pp. 923-926, figs. 

 4). — Brief popular notes are given describing the early blight (Macrosporium solani). 

 late blight (Phytoplithora infestans), potato scab (Oospora scabies), and dry rot 

 (Fusarium solani). Directious are given for their prevention. 



The rusts of cereals, D. Pinolini (La ruggine del cereali. Novara, 1897, pp. 20). 



