062 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



A report of the entomological department, A. I). Hopkins ( West 

 Virginia Sta. Bpt. 1896, pp. 66-164, figs. 2, ph. 4, maps 3). — In the first 

 part the author reviews his work from 1890 to 1890, describes his vari- 

 ous collections, and gives a bibliography of his original researches. 

 Forest entomology was dealt with especially. The importation of the 

 European bark beetle destroyer (Clerus formicarius) is noted as suc- 

 cessful. The detects in wood produced by insects were studied. The 

 destructive heartwood borer (Gentrodera decolorata), along with the 

 chestnut timber worm (Oorthylus columbianus), was found in living 

 trees where tires and other agencies had broken the bark sufficiently 

 to expose the wood. The latter of these -2 insects was found in oak, 

 tulip, and other kinds of wood, in which it produced what are known 

 as black hole stains, ribbon or calico wood. A parasite (Aphidius lac- 

 tucce) was experimented with in the greenhouse, where it kept its host 

 (Aphis brassicce) so subdued that no other remedies were needed. The 

 remainder of this part deals with incidental matter. 



The principal insect depredations and depredators noted in the State 

 during the past 5 years (pp. 93-110). — In this second part the author 

 reports briefly the results of studies of dying pine, spruce, yellow 

 locust, hemlock, and oak; the defoliation of forest trees, shade, and 

 fruit trees; tan bark destroyed by insects (Pliymatodcs variabilis); 

 wormy chestnuts and hickory nuts ; the bag worm ( Thyridopterix ephem- 

 erceformis); the elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola); and the commou 

 farm and garden insects and fruit insects. Among the last the imported 

 fruit bark beetle (Scolytus rugulosus) is noted. The San Jos6 scale is 

 mentioned as reported from 2 counties. 



The remainder of this part deals briefly with the common insects 

 affecting live stock and the common household insects. 



A study of agricultural' conditions in West Virginia and the needs of 

 entomological /cork (pp. 111-104). — Here are discussed in a very general 

 way geographical, geological, and climatic conditions, life zones, forest 

 areas of the State, designated as spruce, piue, and hard-wood areas, 

 and the relation of forest divisions to life zones. 



Finally there is a paper on some discoveries and observations made 

 during 1894 and 1895, in which the borer Agrilus bilineatus, the habits 

 of Oorthylus punctatissimus, and Agrilus sp., the elm and pine borer 

 (Gortyna nitela, Gyllene picta, Oorthylus eolumbianus), and a number 

 of other more or less common insects are noted. Gyllene picta, it is 

 shown, emerges in the fall. Woodpeckers are mentioned as causing 

 considerable loss of timber. Epidapus scabies (=E. scabici) is noted as 

 attacking potato tubers, causing potato scab. It is said that the pres- 

 ence of stable manure and moisture is a very important factor favor- 

 ing the development of the insects. 



This and the remaining papers — some observations on the gall mite, 

 some notes on insect enemies of trees, and on farm, garden, and fruit 

 insects — are reprints of articles that have appeared elsewhere. 



