DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 985 



given of trials with 4 cows in 4 periods of 2 weeks each. In these 

 trials cotton-seed meal and hulls was fed against corn shucks and a 

 mixed grain ration; and corn and soybean silage with cotton-seed meal 

 and bran was fed against 2 different grain rations containing sweet 

 potatoes. The author makes the following deductions: 



"(1) The ration of sweet potatoes, raw cotton seed, pulled [corn] fodder and cow- 

 pea meal gave better results for. cow Dora McKee than did corn and soy-bean silage 

 and cotton-seed meal, with wheat bran mixed in ratio of 1 to 2, by weight. 



" (2) The corn and soy-bean silage, with cotton-seed meal and wheat bran, gave a 

 better result with cow No. 5 than did sweet potatoes and corn shucks, with a mix- 

 ture of cotton-seed meal, corn meal, and cowpea meal mixed in the proportions of 6, 

 2, and 1. 



"(3) Cotton-seed hulls and meal for butter production leads corn shucks and 

 wheat straw with corn meal, ground wheat, and cotton-seed meal mixed in propor- 

 tions of 2, 3, and 5. The latter made the most milk, however. Cow No. 19 lost in 

 the last period so much, the result was evened up and became indeterminate." 



Summary of record of milk and butter production of station 

 herd, 1895 and 1896, F. E. Emery (North Carolina Sta. Bui. 143, pp. 

 170-187). — This is a record for 14 cows in 1895 and 1G cows in 1890, 

 showing the yield and fat content of milk, calculated yield of butter, 

 amount and cost of food consumed, net profit or loss, etc. In 1895 8 of 

 the 13 cows for which financial data are given either gave no profit or 

 were kept at a loss ranging from 12.26 to $13.53; and in 189(J 8 of the 

 10 cows were kept at a loss ranging from 92 cents to $15.80. The author 

 explains that some of the cows "have not been culled out before the 

 end of this year's record in order to give time, after the trouble from 

 epizootic abortion was over, for cows to assume a normal How of milk, 

 thus avoiding hasty judgment and consequently erroneous work." 



Milk : Its value as a food and studies which suggest a different 

 method of sale, E. B. Voorhees and C. B. Lane (New Jersey Stas. 

 Bui. J33, pp. 19). — The value of milk as a nutritious food of moderate 

 cost is pointed out, and the variations in the quality of milk owing to 

 a variety of causes are discussed. 



Observations are reported on the station herd of 28 cows, mostly of 

 mixed breeding. The cows were fed so as to keep them up to their full 

 capacity without attempting to force a large yield. Samples of the milk 

 of each cow were tested weekly. The average monthly composition of 

 the milk of the herd for 1 year and the variations in the composition 

 of the milk of individual cows are given. These show that, while there 

 were wide variations in the milk of individual cows, the range being 

 from 2.0 to 8.3 per cent of fat in the month of December, the composi- 

 tion of the mixed milk of the herd was remarkably uniform, the monthly 

 average ranging from 4 to 4.4 percent during the year. 



"In other words, it appears, from the study of this herd, which is fairly repre- 

 sentative of good herds throughout the State, that, so far as uniformity in composi- 

 tion of the daily mixed milk is concerned, its sale on the fat basis would have been 

 entirely practicable." 



