992 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Since 1893 extensive trials have been conducted in Denmark by the 

 author for the prevention of tuberculosis by means of the tuberculin 

 test, isolation of healthy and of diseased animals, and feeding of calves 

 with boiled milk, etc. The summary tables given show that 5,733 

 herds have been tested, containing in all 158,991 animals, or about 5 

 per cent of the total number of cattle in the country. Twelve hundred 

 and seventy-four herds, or 22 per cent, were found healthy at the first 

 inoculation. Of the total number of animals tested, 18,955, or 31 per 

 cent, reacted. The author finds, however, that the percentage of react- 

 ing animals is on the decrease, being, in 1891, 10 per cent; in 1895, 38.7 

 per cent; and in 189G-'97, 31 per cent. The extent of tuberculosis 

 among animals of different ages was found to be as follows: 



Tuberculosis i)t animals of different ages. 



Age. ' Healthy. Reacting. 



Per cent 

 reacting. 



Under one-half year j 22,109 2,989 11.9 



About one vear i 28,178 8,328 22.8 



About two 'years , | 15,976 7,862 . 33.0 



Full-grown eattle ! 43,773 i 29,776 40.5 



The measures recommended by the author for the eradication of 

 bovine tuberculosis are summarized below: 



" (1) To ascertain the actual distribution of the disease in the herd. 



"(2) To isolate the diseased from the healthy animals so far as possible, and to 

 thoroughly disinfect the stable where the latter are to be placed. 



" (3) To see to it that the healthy calves are not infected through the food (milk). 



"(4) Remove the plainly tuberculous (far-gone cases) from the herd by selling 

 them for meat as soon as possible. 



"(5) If the number of reacting animals is small, it may be best to remove all of 

 them from the herd. Otherwise they are kept so long as they do not show clinical 

 signs of tuberculosis, and used as milch cows as heretofore. They must, however, be 

 watched closely to observe in time in case tuberculosis of the udder should develop 

 or the tuberculosis on the whole should progress appreciably. 



"(6) The calves of reacting animals, unless these show symptoms of advanced 

 tuberculosis, are also kept, but they are immediately after calving removed from 

 the infected stable lo a calf barn, or if there is no such building to the healthy 

 division. The calves are allowed the colostrum milk of the dam the first day, but 

 from the second day on only boiled milk (or milk heated to 85° C.) or otherwise milk 

 of perfectly healthy cows." 



— F. W. "WOLL. 



The contest against tuberculosis of cattle, O. Voges (Der Kampf 

 gegen die Tuberculose des Bindviehs, 1897, pp. 82). — This is a lengthy pop- 

 ular essay on the subject of tuberculosis in which the difficulties of 

 dealing with it are brought out and the legal enforcement of a plan of 

 extermination similar to that of Bang in Denmark advocated for the 

 German Empire. The enforcement of such a plan for 5 years it is 

 thought would very effectually eradicate the disease. The use of tuber- 

 culin is very highly commended. The difficulties that arise in its use, 

 such as have been learned from its use in America, are not brought out. 



