FERMENTATION BACTERIOLOGY. 1029 



in the vineyard and wood soil, occurring at depths of 10 to 15 cm. in 

 the vineyard and 1 to 36 cm. in the woods. Investigations showed their 

 presence on the bark of oak and olive trees and elsewhere. None were 

 found on the young grapes nor their peduncles in June, nor were any 

 observed in the air during April or May, but in June and July S. 

 apiculatus was found in the air. 



Various insects were found to play a very important part in the 

 distribution of the organisms. In general it is claimed that the alco- 

 holic ferments are carried to the grapes by ants, flies, and gnats; they 

 can pass uninjured through the digestive canal of the Diptera. They 

 are very active in the intestines of the Diptera, the temperature being 

 suited to their development. 



Concerning cellulose fermentation, V. Omeliaxski (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 Paris, 1 .'o (1897), No. 25, pp. 1131-1133). — In a previous paper (K. S. K.,9, p. 922) the 

 author gave the principal characteristics of the ferments of pure cellulose. Iu the 

 present one the products of the decomposition of cellulose by fermentation are given. 



Cellulose enzyms, F. C. Newcombe (Bot. Cental., 73 (1898), .V<>. I, pp. 105-tOS).— 

 The author presents a preliminary paper on studies on cellulose enzyms. In addition 

 to those obtained from Peziza and barley by DeBary, Marshall Ward, and Morris 

 and Brown, the author reports the isolation of enzyms from Lupinuo albus, Phoenix 

 dactylifera, ami Aspergillus oryzce that are capable of breaking down cellulose. 



A study of the ferment which coagulates blood | fibrin ferment or thrombose), 

 and the power of propeptones to prevent coagulation, A. DASTRE and N. Flor- 

 E8CO I Arch. Physiol. Norm, et Path., 5. ser., 9 (1897), pp. . 



Remarks on fibrin ferment and the alkalinity of peptic plasma, J. Athanasiu 

 and J. Carvaelo (Arch. Physiol. Xorm. el Path., ~>. ser., 9 (1897), pp. 375-384). 



On the action of diastase, E. Ducxaux (./»//<. Inst. Pasteur. 11 (1897), No. 10, pp. 

 792-800). — A critical review of the subject. 



The general laws of the action of diastases, E. Duclaux (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 

 12 (1898), No. :. pp. 96-127). 



A critical review of the action of diastases, E. Dtjclaux (Gaz. Brasseur, 1897, 

 No. 533). 



The chemical nature of diastase, T. B. Osborne (P>er. Dent. Chem. Gesell., 31 

 (1898), No. J, pp. 254-259).— See also Connecticut state Sta. Rpt. 1»95, p. 233 (E. S. 

 R.,8, p. 3G8). 



Studies on ammoniacal fermentation and on the ferments of urea, P. Miquel 

 (Ann. Microg., 1897, No. 7-8, pp. 302- 



Investigations on the nitric organism described by Stutzer and Hartleb, C. 

 Fraenkel i Cental. Bait. u. Par., 2. Abt., 4 (1898), Nos. 1, pp. 8-13; ,.', pp. 62-67).— 

 Culture experiments with 11 organisms derived from the same source as that of the 

 organism described by Stutzer and Hartleb are reported. The results indicate that 

 the nature of the Stutzer and Hartleb organism is not definitely fixed by their vague 

 description of it. 



Investigations on the nitric organism of Stutzer and Hartleb, A. Gartner 

 (Cental. Bait. u. Par., 2. AM., 4 (1898), Nos. 1, pp. 1-7; 2, pp. 52-61; 3-4, pp. 109-119, 

 ph. 2). — Experiments with 13 cultures obtained from Stutzer are reported in detail. 



The effect of the mineral and nitrogen content in the culture medium on the 

 characteristics and activity of yeasts, R. Kusserow (Brennerei Ztg., 14(1897), 

 No. 318; abs. in Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 2. Abt., 4 (1S9S), No. 3-4, pp. 154-156). 



Bacteriological studies, L. F. Rosengren (K. Landt. Akad. IFandl. Tidskr., 36 

 (1897), No. 5, pp. 287-298). — Observations of bacteriological technique at European 

 institutions of education and research. 



