METEOROLOGY. 



1033 



of the air, and velocity of the wind are recorded, as Avell as the 

 monthly averages of evaporation for ten years (1875-'84). These obser- 

 vations were made by Piche and self-recording evaporonieters over a 

 surface of water in a metallic dish 10 sq. cm. in area. A summary of 

 the results is given in the following table: 



Mean maximum temperature, humidity of air, and velocity of wind. 



January... 

 February. 

 March..'.. 



April 



May 



■fane 



July 



August... 

 September 



Mean 

 maximum 

 tempera- 

 ture, 1806. 



Deg. G. 

 11.47 

 14.97 

 18.88 

 21.59 

 26.01 

 28.63 

 33. 25 

 30. 07 

 27.01 



Humidity 

 at ;i a. m., 

 1875-'88. 



Per cent. 

 81.77 

 76. 39 

 .70 

 .67 

 .62 

 .58 

 .56 

 .57 

 .66 



Velocity 

 of wind, 

 1883-'96. 



M. 



■per sec. 

 4.24 

 4.76 

 4.95 

 4.87 

 4.51 

 4.49 

 4.41 

 3.83 

 3.76 



Variations in -winds in the climate of Montpellier, F. Hoi daille 

 (Ann. Eeole Nat. Ayr. Montpellier, 9 (1895-'96), pp. 164-175, Jigs. 2). — 

 This is a discussion, with tabulated record of observations from 1883 to 

 1890, on variations in the velocity and force of winds. The following for- 

 mula is used for expressing the force of winds : P=KV 2 , V representing 

 the velocity and K a coefficient varying with the form and size of the 

 surface exposed to the wind. For a surface of 1 square meter K is 

 assumed to be 0.125. The average annual velocity of wind observed 

 at Montpellier is 4.36 meters per second. The force per square meter 

 is, therefore, 2.376 kg. From this it is calculated that the amount of 

 force per square meter available for windmills is 2.376x4.36=10.36 kg., 

 one-half of which may be utilized. 



Actinometric observations during the year 1895, A. Crova 

 (Ann Eeole Nat. Agr. Montpellier, 9 (189 5-^96), pp. 145-149, charts 2).— 

 The number of hours of sunshine at the meteorological observatory at 

 Montpellier during the year 1895 were as follows: Winter, 526 hours 

 31 minutes; spring, 585 hours 16 minutes; summer, 739 hours 2 minutes; 

 autumn, 434 hours 44 minutes; total, 2,285 hours 33 minutes. The 

 intensity of sunlight : was least in winter, but increased gradually until 

 the month of March, when it reached 1.2 small calories (gram-degrees). 

 It afterwards decreased, but rose again, reaching its first maximum, 

 1.22 calories, in June. The second maximum, 1.3 calories, was reached 

 in September, after which the intensity diminished until the 1st of 

 December. 



Division of meteorology, V. E. Muncy (Kentucky Sta. Rpt. 1896, 

 pp. XXXVIII-XLIII). — Monthly summaries of observations during 

 1896 on temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, sunshine and 



1 The intensity is the quantity (in small calories) of heat received in 1 minute by. 

 a black surface 1 square centimeter in extent exposed directly to sunlight. 



