DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING 1083 



Brief mention is made of experiments in two successive winters to 

 test the effect of gluten meal on the quality of butter. 



"It was found as an invariable result that the gluten meal made the butter softer 

 and made it difficult to so churn the cream as to extract all of the butter from the 

 buttermilk. The per cent of fat in the buttermilk invariably increased from 0.1 per 

 ceut to 0.25 per cent, or even 0.5 per cent when gluten meal was fed." 



The data are given of a study of the difference in composition of burr 

 and roller process wheat bran, showing that "the roller- process brans 

 are all perceptibly higher in protein than those of the burr-stone process." 



Dairy barn (pp. 116-110). — A description is given of the new dairy 

 barn built at the station in 1887. The barn is 45 by 70 ft., accommodates 

 30 cows, and cost $737. 



Further investigations on the milk production of goats, Kohl- 

 Schmidt {Landw. Jahrb., 26 {1897), No. 4-5, pp. 783-802).— The author 

 reports investigations on the yield and fat content of 16 Swiss goats, 

 11 native goats, and 4 crosses between the native and Swiss goats. 

 The observations extended over a number of months. The yield and 

 fat content of the milk from each of the 3 milkings daily are tabulated 

 in detail. 



With the Swiss goats the annual milk yield ranged from 421.01 to 

 011 liters, averaging 678.41 liters per head. The fat content of the milk 

 of the 3 to 4 year old goats averaged 3.6 per cent, and of the younger 

 animals 2.70 per cent for the entire period of lactation. The native 

 goats gave from 674.72 to 1,255.44 liters of milk during the year, the 

 average being 877.88 liters. The fat content ranged from 2.40 to 3.76 

 per cent, and averaged 3.07. The goats were milked 3 times daily. 

 The milk from the noon milking was nearly always the richest in fat, 

 and that from the morning's milking the poorest. 



The source of milk fat, W. H. Jordan and C. G. Jenter {New 

 Yorlc State 8ta. Bid. 132, pp. 457-188). — In this experiment a cow was 

 fed for 2 weeks on normal food and then for 05 days following on a 

 food from which the fat had been extracted as thoroughly as was possi- 

 ble. The milk was analyzed for 102 days; the urine and feces were 

 collected and analyzed for 66 days, this being douecontinuonsly during 

 50 days of the time in which extracted foods were fed. A young grade 

 Jersey cow, somewhat thin in flesh and about 4 months advanced in 

 the period of lactation when the experiment was begun, was used. 

 The food consisted of timothy hay, corn meal, and wheat gluten, the 

 latter containing from 72 to over 74 per cent of protein. These foods 

 were extracted by an oil company, and although repeated treatment 

 failed to remove the fat entirely, the amount was so small that a fairly, 

 generous ration contained not over 0.13 lb. of ether extract per day. 



"It is a matter of congratulation that the regular consumption of the rations was 

 accomplished with a very satisfactory degree of success, considering the conditions 

 under which the experiment was carried on. The health of the animal did not 

 appear to be impaired by the food and treatment which she received." 



