42 EXPEBIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Questions of hygiene in the fruit garden; on the basis of investigations of 

 foreign stations for the protection of fruit trees, B. Nalimov {Sclxk. Klioz. i Lye- 

 sov., :iOS [I'JOl) , Oct., p2). 1SS~J3^; Nov., j)p. ■i:i8-4^S). — Tliiw treatise is a comprehen- 

 sive digest of the hygienic requirements of plant life. The author discusses the 

 rational care and nourishing of cultivated plants; the selection of hardy varieties; 

 the diseases of plants and the injurious animals; remedies for combating these, and 

 the services of phenology in the protection of the orchard. lie dwells especially on 

 the different species of aphis, the bark borers (Scolytida' and allied species), the 

 mold fungi { MoniUa fractigena, PenicUlium gkmcum, Botrytin cinerca, etc.), the Acari, 

 etc. In all cases the life of the insects or fungi are described and the remedies to 

 combat them are given. 



On the manuring of orchard fruit trees, L. Grandeau {Rev. Hort. \_Paris], 73 

 {1901), No. 23, pp. 525-521 , jigs. 2). — The root systems of orchard fruit trees in poor 

 and good soil are discussed and the method observed by the author in setting trees 

 in the poor soil of Princes Park for a number of years is given. The method 

 observed by the author is to dig a hole for the tree about 80 cm. deep. The first 35 

 or 40 cm. of the surface soil is thrown in a pile by itself and intimately mixed with 



6 kg. of slag containing 18 to 20 per cent phosjihoric acid and 5 kg. of kainit. This 

 mixture is then put in the bottom of the hole and the tree set on top of it, the lower 

 subsoil being used to till up the hole. In the spring with the beginning of growth a 

 liquid solution of nitrate of soda is added. The large amounts of slag and kainit used 

 are justified by the author on account of the poverty of the soil of Princes Park. 

 The first cost is stated to be about 0.6 franc and the amount believed suthcient to last 



7 or 8 years. This method of setting out trees has been followed with success by the 

 author for the past 10 years. 



Orchard management, cover crops in orchards, pruning of orchards, repo'rt 

 on fruits, S. T. Maynakd and G. A. Drew {Massachusetts /S'/o. Bid. 82, pp. 24, Jigs. 

 29). — This is a popular bulletin, dealing in a general way with the best methods to 

 pursue in Massachusetts in the culture of orchard fruits. Some data are included 

 on the growth of a number of cover crops in the station orchard, but no conclusion 

 is drawn. A number of illustrations are given showing the best methods of prun- 

 ing trees. The yields obtained in a test of 31 varieties of strawberries, 17 of which 

 were new varieties, grown at the station, are tabulated. The heaviest yields under 

 field culture were made by Haverland, Clyde, Sample, and Gandy Belle. Notes 

 are also given on grapes, blackberries, raspberries, and currants grown at the station. 



Orchard notes, W. M. Munson {Maine Sta. Bui. 82, pp. <?i-9(J).— This is largely a 

 rei)ort im the value of certain hardy Russian and American sorts of apples that have 

 been grown at the station and elsewhere in the State. Experiments in apple grow- 

 ing have been conducted by the station since 1890. A catalogue is given of 66 of the 

 hardiest of the newer ironclad varieties grown, with notes indicative of form, color, 

 size, quality, and origin of the fruit, and its adaptability to the northern and south- 

 ern portions of the State, respectively. Most of the 50 or ]iiore varieties of Russian 

 apples grown at the station, though perfectly hardy and very productive, are 

 reported to be of poor quality, ripen early, and drop before maturity. Only three — 

 Alexander, Longfield, and Yellow Transparent — are recommended for general culture 

 in competition with ap})les of American and western European origin. The varie- 

 ties recommended for the coldest section of the State, \\\ addition to those already 

 named, are Anisim, Arabka, Borsdorf, Cross, Green Crimean, Hibernal, Koursk 

 Reinette, Pink Anis, Prolific Sweeting, Repka Aport, and Russian Gravenstein. All 

 of these varieties are described, as well as 12 other good, hardy varieties of American 

 origin, and 4 seedlings. In growing fruit for market the author recommends that 

 only a few standard sorts be planted. 



The keeping qualities of 36 varieties, when placed in a cold cellar and examined 

 from month to month, are tabulated. Based on the data thus obtained, the author 



