HORTICULTURE. 43 



states that "Dudley, Haas, and most of the Russian varieties are comparatively poor 

 keepers and should l)eused before January. Borsdorf, Longfieid, Pewaukee, Porter, 

 and Shiawassee are at their best before the first of February, though keeping well 

 into ]March. Hurlbut, Milding, and Munson Sweet begin to break down in INIarch; 

 the latter is in good condition from October to this date. Arctic, Bethel, Boiken, 

 Mann, Northwestern Greening, Rail Janet, Stark, Westfield, and Winesap are in 

 prime condition up to April 1. Munson Sweet, Porter, and vShiawassee showed most 

 surprising resiilts and indicate that with care these sorts may be kept much longer 

 than is generally supposed. Peter, which became too soft for market in January, 

 made very good pies as late as the end of March." 



Cross fertilizing of apples, AV. Saunders ( Oiitarii) Fruit droivem' Assoc. R%>t. 

 1901, pp. 34-37). — This notes the efforts being put forth at some of the more 

 northern and western experiment stations in Canada to secure hardy varieties 

 of apples. More than 200 of the hardiest varieties of apples and crabs have l)een 

 planted at Brandon and Indian Head, l)ut none of them have produced fruit 

 except seedlings of Pijnix Ixicmta. The blossoms of this apple have been cross 

 fertilized with pollen from some of the hardiest of the improved varieties, such as 

 Tetovsky, "Wealthy, and Duchess, and also with pollen of Transcendent, Hyslop, 

 and Orange crabs. The seedlings of the fruit thus obtained have been planted. 

 Thirty-six trees obtained froni these crosses have fruited, Most of them have proven 

 a great advance on the original crab. The fruit of 1 or 2 was about the size of the 

 Transcendent crab and nuich better in (}uality. The crossing has been continued, 

 using 20 to 25 different varieties of the hardiest apples, and a number of these have 

 fruited. Altogether, some 16 or 17 varieties have been named, and 9 have been of 

 such size and quality as would warrant their distribution in small lots to different 

 parts of the Northwest country. The apples were small, but promise to be of great 

 usefulness to people in those cold regions. Some of them make very good apple 

 sauce and all of tlieni exceedingly good jelly. 



Why apple trees fail, E. Walker {Arkansas Sia. Bui. 71, pp. 3J, figs. in). — Con- 

 siderable loss occurs in Arkansas orchards each year from the dying of trees. The 

 author made a trip of inspection among the apple orchards (if Benton and Washing- 

 ton counties to investigate, as far as possible, the cause. In a general way, it is 

 stated that some of the causes tending to bring about the death of the trees are poor 

 soils, too close planting, lack of culture, indifferent care of the trees, use of diseased 

 and poor nursery stock, the effects of sun scald, diseases, injurious insects, improper 

 methods of pruning, over bearing, root rot, etc. These different matters are discussed 

 in some detail and correctives pointed out. 



An inventory of apples grown in Grand Isle County, F. A.AVACCiH ( Vermont 

 Sta. Rpt. 1901, pp. 277-313, map 1). — A bulletin on apjjle growing in Grand Isle 

 County by the station has been previously noted (E. S. R., 8, p. 791). In the present 

 work a complete inventory of all apples growing in the county has been made and 

 complete descriptions given of the 116 varieties. Some notes are also given on the 

 probable source from which most of the varieties now grown in the county were 

 obtained. The varieties of apples now most extensively grown in the county are 

 Rhode Island Greening, Fameuse, Northern Spy, Ben Davis, Baldwin, Tolman, 

 Roxbury, and American Golden Russet. 



Propagation of plums — second report, F. A. Waugh ( Vermont Sta. Rpt. 1901^ 

 pp. 257-269). — This is the second report of the station on the growth and behavior 

 of 5 varieties of plums, representatives of the Americana, Domestica, Japanese, 

 Wildgoose, and Chicasaw groups of plums, respectively, on 4 different stocks, viz, 

 Americana, Wayland type, Marianna, and Peach. The growth of the toij, tap root, 

 secondary and fil)rous roots, height of trees, and the number and percentage of mer- 

 chantable trees on the different stocks in the nursery are noted in tables of measure- 

 ments and comparisons. In general, the results agree with those of 1899-1900 (E. 



