FORESTRY. 51 



to that produced l)y native species, and although not always as strong this defect can 

 be remedied by proper sylvicultural treatment. As a rule the timber of the exotic 

 species is more easily worked, and this is considered a decided advantage. 



English coppices and copsewoods, J. Nisbet {Jour. Bd. Agr. \^Londou'\, S 

 (lOOJ), N(i. 4, Pl>- 47'J-4S8). — In t'ontinuatiun of a previous article (E. S. R., 13, p. 

 959) the author describes the ti'eatment of English coppices and copsewoods through 

 the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. On account of improved conditions of 

 communication, al)olition of duty on timber, the use of chemical extracts for tanning, 

 the use of substitutes in place of wood, together with other causes, a decline in the 

 l^rofits from copsewoods has been occasioned, until at present there is hardly any 

 revenue to be obtained from such forests in parts of England. Where land is said 

 to be decidedly poor in quality it is questionable whether it would be more profitable 

 to work it as a simple coppice or to clear it gradually and replant with pines and firs. 



The forests of Prussia, G. H. MrRPiiY {Tradesman, 47 {1902), No. 7, -p. 7S).— 

 According to the author, 20,435,499.8 acres, or 23.7 per cent of the area of Prussia, is 

 occupied by forests and orchards. The ownership of the forests is as follows: State 

 property, 6,319,072 acres; Crown property, 178,950.8 acres; forests partly owned by 

 tlie State, 2,805.3 acres; communal property, 2,727,109.7 acres; forests owned l)y 

 institutions, 242,089 acres; forests owned by companies, 584,216.3 acres, and jirivate 

 property, 10,381,156.5 acres. 



The forests are divided into deciduous and evergreen, the deciduous forests amount- 

 ing to 30.9 per cent of the total forest area, while the evergreen forests amount to 

 69.1 per cent. The forests yielded in 1900 in wood, tan bark, oziers, etc., a total of 

 868,977,586 cu. ft., or about 105.9 cu. ft. i)er hectare of the entire forest area. 



The State forest nursery at Gosford {Agr. Gaz. Neiv South Wales, 13 {1U02), 

 No. 1, pp. 54-58, pis. 5). — This nursery, which consists of 65 acres, is maintained l)y 

 the New South Wales Government for the propagation and distribution of indigenous 

 and exotic useful and ornamental trees and shrubs. About 500 species, selected 

 according to their adaptability, have been introduced and are under cultivation. 

 The methods of seeding and transplanting are described at some length. The pres- 

 ent stock of seedlings is estimated at 600,000 plants, and during 1900 about 45,000 

 w'ere distributed to nnmicipalities, schools, and charitable and other institutions. 



Algerian cork forests {.Tour. Bd. Agr. [Londoii], 8 {1902), No. 4, p. 539). — A 

 brief note is given on the condition and output of the Algerian cork forests. The 

 annual production has ranged from 86,000 to 100,000 cwt. per annum during the past 

 3 years. The cork tree only becomes profitaljle after having undergone a i^rocess of 

 strij)ping the tree of its virgin bark. After tliis operation a fresh bark is growm, the 

 aggregation of the annual growth forming the cork of commerce. About 10 or 12 

 year? elapse between the time of the first stripping and the production of cork of 

 marketable value. On account of the demand for cork of greater thickness, the 

 Algerian Government has decreed a minimum thickness of 25 mm. for stripping the 

 bark. 



The palm trees of Brazil, J. G. Branner {Pop. Sci. Mo., GO {1902), No. 5, pp. 

 387-412, figs. 25). — Descriptions are given of a number of the palm trees which are 

 found in Brazil, and their economic uses are described at some length. 



The Douglas spruce as a park tree, E. Andre {Rer. Ilort. \^Pari<], 74 {1902), 

 No. 10, pp. 225, 220, fig. 1). — A d(,'scription is given of a number of examples of the 

 Douglas spruce {Fseudotsuga douglasii) in the parks of Europe, particular attention 

 being called to specimens in Haute- Vienne. Notes are given on the growth of this 

 tree and its habitat along the western coast of this country, and of its introduction 

 into Euroj)eaii sylviculture. 



On some minor resources in connection with forestry, A. K. Myurvold 

 {TIdsskr. Norxkr Landbr., 8 {1901), No. 12, pp. 623-639). 



Frost checks and wind shakes, E. S. Bruce ( Forestrg and Irrlg., 8 {1902), No. 

 4, pp. 159-164, figs. 5) . — The author attempts to point out the relation between frost 



