DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 79 



Results for 2 winters show no improvement in the quantity or quality of the iiiilk 

 yield from warming water from 35 to 80° F. for cows stabled in barns the a\'eratfe 

 winter temperature of which was 45 to 50° F. 



Tests were made of the feeding value of apples, apple i>omace, and i)umpkins. A 

 substitution of apples for three-fourths of the corn silage in a ration containing in 

 addition hay and grain lessened the yield of milk and butter 8 per cent. A similar 

 substitution of apple pomace for silage decreased the yield of milk and butter 2 per 

 cent. Pumpkins were substituted for silage, the results showing a decrease of 1 to 2 

 per cent in the yield of milk and butter. No unfavorable effects followed feeding 

 apple pomace or pumpkins. These experiments indicate that 1 ton of corn silage has 

 the same feeding value as 2i tons of apples, 1| tons of apple pomace, and 2i tons of 

 pumpkins. 



Additional data are given concerning the experimental error involved in feeding 

 trials. "The results of continuous feeding on a regular ration were practicallv inii- 

 form. If more than 2 or 8 animals are used, the experimental error inherent in the 

 alternation method of feeding trials may be nearly or quite disregarded." 



A comparison of feeding- trial methods, J. L. Hills ( Vermont Sta. Rpl. 1901, 

 pj). 369-375). — In the feeding experiments with low, medium, and high grain rations 

 noted above a comparison was also made of methods of conducting feeding experi- 

 ments. Different rations were fed in alternate periods to the same group of animals 

 and continuously to different groups. The data are tabulated and discussed in detail. 

 "So far as these trials go, they seem to affirm within limits the validity of both 

 schemes of experimentation, provided periods 4 or 5 weeks long be used and the 

 choice of animals be satisfactory." 



The effect of feed on the quality of butter, J. L. Hills ( Vermont Sta. Rpt. 

 1901, pp. 375-377). — In connection with the feeding experiments noted above and in 

 continuation of previous work (E. S. R., 13, p. 585) studies were made of the effect 

 of different feeding stuffs upon the quality of butter. Feeding an excessive amount 

 of protein did not materially affect the quality of the butter fat. Feeding palm oil in 

 addition to a standard ration increased the melting point of the butter fat 4° C. and 

 decreased the content of volatile fatty acids. Germ-oil meal increased the iodin num- 

 ber. An increase in the hardness of the butter fat lengthened the time required for 

 churning, but decreased the loss of fat in the buttermilk. The quality of the butter 

 was not materially affected by the different feeding stuffs. 



Feeding- experiments with g-luten meal and gluten feed for dairy cows, H. 

 GoLDsciiMiDT ( Uiji'slr. Tjindm., 47 {1902), No. 9, pp. 104-111). — Cooperative feeding 

 experiments with milch cows for the purpose of comparing gluten meal and gluten 

 feed with ordinary concentrated feeds are reported. According to the plan of the 

 experiments, 3 lbs. of gluten meal or feed replaced an equal weight of the kind of 

 grain mixtures ordinarily fed on the 14 dairy farms on which the experiments 

 were conducted, the mixtures being made up of varying quantities of barley and 

 oats, rape-seed cakes, sunflower-seed cakes, cotton-seed cakes, molasses bran, etc. 

 Nine of the experiments were with gluten meal and 5 with gluten feed. The amount 

 of grain fed ranged from 4^ to 10 lbs. per head daily. The experiments were divided 

 into a preliminary feeding period, two experimental periods, and a post-experimental 

 period, of 2 to 3 weeks each. The number of cows included in the experiments at the 

 different farms varied from 6 to 40, the cows being in all cases separated into two lots, 

 as nearly uniform as possible as regards production, time of calving, age, etc. 

 Analyses of the milk produced do not appear to have been made, but the average 

 daily milk yield per cow during the gluten meal feeding over and above that pro- 

 duced on ordinary grain nuxtures amounted to 0.8 to 2.5 lbs., or, on the average, 1.45 

 11)8. avoirdupois, and on the gluten feed, 0.2 to 2.1 lbs., or, on the average, 0.851b. avoir- 

 dupois. At the prevailing prices of concentrated feeding stuffs in Denmark the results 



