VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 91 



acute. In cases where the acini are numerous gall concretions may be formed which 

 may ol)struct the cy.stic duct an<l cause colicy symptoiiis. 



Investigations on the cutis of the hoofs of cattle, H. Hohmann (Monatsh. 

 Prakt. Thierh., IS [1901), No. J-3, pp. 49-9'>, Ji<J'<- l^).—On account of the numerous 

 diseases which affect the hoofs of cattle it was considered desiral)le to make a further 

 study of the anatomical structure of the hoofs of cattle. The author reviews the lit- 

 erature on the subject and describes the general appearance of the hoof, cutis, and 

 subcutis in cattle. The microscojuc structures, including the blood vessels and 

 nerves which are distributed in these parts, are descril)ed in detail. A bibliography 

 on the subject is appendetl. 



Serum agglutination as a means for diagnosing glanders, C. O. Jensen 

 {licrVni. TJiicmrztl. Wchnseltr., J901, No. 4i, ]>}>■ <i~'l-<i25). — The author discusses 

 in detail the dithculties which are ordinarily met in making a rapid and certain 

 diagnosis of glanders in suspected horses. The lack of a strictly tlifferentiating 

 method of staining the glanders bacillus renders its identifii-ation by ordinary iVacte- 

 riological methods rather difhcult. In testing animals with mallein the author con- 

 siders it necessary to distinguish between animals which show only a slight elevation 

 of temperature and in which no other general symptoms are manifested after injec- 

 tion with mallein; animals which show an irregular reaction, with a temperature of 



39 to 40° C. of short duration and with loss of appetite and some swelling at the 

 point of injection; and animals which show a specific reaction with a temperature of 



40 to 41° C, appearing after a period of from 8 to 10 hours and persisting for from 12 to 

 24 hours. A brief account is also given of the method of diagnosing glanders by means 

 of inoculating susceptible animals, such as guinea pigs, with material from sus- 

 pected animals. Several experiments were made by way of testing the reliability of 

 agglutination as a diagnostic sign of glanders; during these experiments it was found 

 that the agglutination test is far more reliable than mallein injection. It is not 

 urged that this method should entirely replace the use of mallein, but it is believed 

 that the agglutination test can be judiciously used in cases where the mallein injec- 

 tion gives doubtful results. 



Diagnosis of glanders, N. K. Gadzvatzkii {Arch. Yet. Nauk., St. Pelirsburg, 31 

 (1901), No. 9, pp. 8. '3, 8J4) ■ — lor making a definite diagnosis in suspected cases the 

 author prefers inoculation of cats with material taken from discharges of ulcers in 

 the nose or on other parts of the body. Where no ulceration has taken j)lace, the 

 submaxillary glands were removed and cats were inoculated with material from 

 these organs. This method of diagnosis was considered very certain and does not 

 require more than three days for a <lefinite result. 



Acute epizootic leucoencephalitis in horses, W. ti. MacCallum and S. S. 

 Buck LEV (Mari/land Sta. Bui. SO, pp. 67-70, jds. 3). — The authors made a further 

 investigation of a disease which has been more or less prevalent for a numljfer of 

 years in Maryland and which has passed under a numl)er of names, such as staggers, 

 horse disease, and cerebro-Spinal meningitis. The usual symptoms are drowsiness, 

 imperfect vision, partial paralysis of the throat, twitching of the musiles of the 

 shoulder, an<l unsteady gait. The temperature varies between 96 and 103° F. 

 Usually the animals become more and more stupid and sometimes delirium is 

 observed. The course varies from a few hours to a week, and is fatal in a large per- 

 centage of cases. Horses which recover exhibit defective intelligence. Post-mortem 

 examinations were made on the brains of 4 animals which were affected with acute 

 cases of the disease. On either side in the frontal region of the brain a softened area 

 was observed, and was confined to the white substance. No bacteria were found in 

 these areas. The cultures which were tried gave negative results. An inoculated 

 raVjbit remained perfectly well. When examined microscopically, affected tissues 

 showed that greater or less changes had taken place in the nerve cells and fibers, 

 neuroglia, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Clear hyaline masses which stained blue 



