92 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



were found in the small blood vessels in the affected areas. The walls of these ves- 

 sels had undergone extensive inflammatory changes. Various other details of patho- 

 logical changes in the affected tissue are given. Another extensive outbreak of the 

 disease occurred in southern Maryland, during which a number of horses died. 

 Three autopsies were made, but no macroscopic lesions were observed. When exam- ' 

 ined under a microscope, however, blood vessels in the brain substance showed 

 inflammatory changes in certain areas. No cultures could be made with the material 

 from these cases. A rabl )it which was inoculated by material from 1 case which had 

 been dead 48 hours died with infection of a bacillus belonging to the hog-cholera 

 group. This Ijacillus requires further study, but it is not believed that it is connected 

 with the disease. 



Pneumonia and vaccination, Reinlander (Ztschr. Veterindrl:, 13 {1901), No. 2, 

 pp. 53-62). — A serious outbreak of pneumonia in epizootic form occurred in a num- 

 ber of regiments of army horses. The symptoms of the disease are described in 

 detail and the post-mortem appearance of animals upon which anatomical examina- 

 tions were made. Numerous experiments were tried in vaccinating animals for the 

 purpose of preventing the development of pneumonia, or curing it. Of the animals 

 which were not vaccinated 14.3 per cent became later infected with the disease, and 

 of those which were inoculated 6.3 per cent contracted pneumonia. In considering 

 all the experiments the author concludes that the present method of vaccination for 

 preventing the development of pneumonia is of little value. It is believed that 

 further investigation should be made for the isolation and identification of the micro- 

 organism of the pneumonia of horses before better results in vaccination can be 

 obtained. 



Equine malaria, A. Theiler {Schweiz. Arch. Tierh., 43 {1901), No. G, pp. 253-280, 

 pis. 2, fuj. 1). — In studying the pathogenic organism of this disease the author noted 

 its similarity to the organism of human malaria, but considers it a distinct species, 

 which is described under the name Plusmodhim mnlnria' equorum. Notes are given 

 on the mi(!roscopic characteristics of the parasite and on methods which are most 

 succe.ssful in preparing and staining it. The influence of local conditions, time of 

 year, and susceptibility of various horses to the disease are discussed. A detailed 

 account is given of the characteristic symptoms and the method for making a certain 

 differential diagnosis. The number of parasites in the blood is greatly diminished 

 by the administration of quinine. It is recommended that quinine be given at least 

 3 times a day in doses of 6 to 10 gm. A bibliography on the subject is added to the 

 article. 



The appearance of colic in consequence of rusty barley straw, Mierswa 

 {Ztschr. Veterindrl-., 13 {1901), No. 8-9, pp. 57c9-5<S'0) .—Several cases of colic appeared 

 among army horses, and an investigation of the outbreak disclosed the fact that 

 these horses had been fed on'barley straw which was infected with rust of 2 species 

 {Fuccinia graminis and P. rubigovera). As soon as this forage was abandoned the 

 outbreak of colic ceased. Brief notes are given on the therapeutic treatment which 

 was given during the progress of the disease. 



The pathogenesis of roaring' in horses, Thomassen {Monatsh. Prakt. Thlerli., 

 13 {1901), No. 6, pp. 193-230, figs. 8). — The author gives a critical review of the large 

 mass of literature on this subject. The anatomy of the larynx is described and the 

 various theories which have been proposed for exi»laining the occurrence of this 

 disease are discussed. A review of all the literature on this subject leads to the con- 

 clusion that the disease is still far from being well understood. It is believed that a 

 microscopic study of those parts of the nervous system which are concerned with the 

 disease may yield better results. Attention should be given not only to the recurrent 

 nerve, Init also to the vagus, accessory, and medulla oblongata. 



Disinfection of stables with steam, Kramell {Ztschr. Veterindrk., 13 {1901) , No. 

 7, pp. 316, 317). — In an outbreak of jjueumonia among horses an experiment was 



